Megagametophytes of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and hybrid larch (Larix × eurolepis) in culture: Multiplication of neck cells and the formation of binucleate cells

Ma, Yanli; Weber, Martina; Dumont-BéBoux, Nicole; Webber, Jeremy; Aderkas, Patrick von

doi:10.1007/bf01280325

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…After 6 months on several media, *25% of the cells were diploid and a few were in the tetraploid range (61 pg per nucleus) (Renfroe and Berlyn 1985). Megagametophytes of Douglas-fir are known to form binucleate cells in vitro (Ma et al 1998). Cultured microsporophylls of Pinus resinosa formed a mixed haploid-diploid callus (Bonga 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female parthenogenetic apomixis and androsporogenesis in Douglas-fir embryonal initials in an artificial sporangium

Durzan

2011

Sex Plant Reprod

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Control of female parthenogenetic apomixis and androsporogenesis of Douglas-fir embryonal initials was studied using an experimental culture system in which changes in growth condition can mediate changes in cell identity and outcomes. This culture system constitutes an artificial sporangium in which myriad culture conditions can be simulated and should be applicable for research on a variety of gymnosperms. In this study, embryonal initials from developing seeds from two Douglas-fir trees were rescued and became reprogrammed for female parthenogenetic apomixis (fPA) and parthenogenetic androsporogenesis (mPA). Female PA was initiated by endomitosis forming a binucleate cell with a diploid egg-equivalent and an apoptotic ventral canal nucleus in an archegonial tube. Egg-equivalent nuclei formed cells (parthenotes) that were discharged into an aqueous culture medium. Parthenotes developed axial tiers atypical of early embryogenesis in seeds. Earlier in the year, androsporangial tubes were parthenogenetically differentiated and released monads, dyads, triads, and tetrads into the culture medium. Spores showed chromosomal aberrations. PA demonstrated a temporal separation in gender expression (dichogamy). Embryonal initials brought forward and by-passed the long juvenile phases normally needed for cells to develop into trees and express reproductive maturity. Expressions of fPA and mPA indicated that the specialized culture flasks served as an artificial sporangium (AS). Awareness is raised for the value of an AS for research in gymnosperm life cycles and as a teaching and research laboratory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female parthenogenetic apomixis and androsporogenesis in Douglas-fir embryonal initials in an artificial sporangium

Durzan

2011

Sex Plant Reprod

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“…In the Douglas fir and hybrid larch, under culture conditions in which the female gametophyte alone is present at the time of fertilization, the neck cells proliferate into a group of cells (Ma et al ) rather than enlarging and collapsing soon after, as in vivo (Owens and Morris ), suggesting the essential information is altered under culture conditions though their ultrastructural characteristics remain similar (Ma et al ). These in vitro results may be partially due to the loss of spatial refinement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, the arrangement of neck cells and the swing-gate mechanism are only found in Ginkgo and differ from neck cells in bryophytes and ferns. It is also different from neck cells in Pinus and Cycads, which also have a reduced neck apparatus with four neck cells (Norstog 1972, Owens and Morris 1990, Ma et al 1998.…”

Section: The Roles Of the Neck Cell Apparatus At Fertilizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Developmental synchronization of male and female gametophytes in Ginkgo biloba and its neck mother cell division prior to fertilization

Zhang

Clayton

Cui

et al. 2012

Physiologia Plantarum

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This study investigated male and female gametophytes in Ginkgo biloba, while a droplet of fluid was present in the fertilization chamber and found that the central cell, the generative cell and the neck mother cell divided simultaneously prior to fertilization. In male gametophytes, the generative cell divided to yield two sperm cells. Concomitantly, the two neck mother cells of the archegonium increased in size then divided asymmetrically resulting in two big cover cells and two small base cells. Each cell had a fixed end in direct contact with an adjacent jacket cell and a free end overlapping its counterpart. This unique arrangement could allow for their free ends to swing into the fertilization chamber as a result of the force from the interior of the archegonium where a polar periclinal division had occurred to produce a canal cell and an egg. The subsequent withdrawal of the content of the archegonium may facilitate the entry of sperm into the archegonium. The neck apparatus closed after the fertilization occurred. The concurrence of the above divisions and the delicate structure of neck apparatus suggest that the gametophytes undergo a synchronization process to become receptive at the time of fertilization. However, the formation of neck cells and the opening time of neck apparatus of the archegonia within the same ovule were slightly different, which could lead to the formation of zygotes at a temporally distinct interval. The earlier formed zygote may progress as the only mature embryo in the ovule.

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“…Other pinaceaeous genera (Abies, Cedrus and Pinus) that have been tested show no endopolyploidy (Pichot and El Maâtaoui, 1997). Experimentally, multiple nuclei can be induced, as Douglas-fir megagametophtyes cultured in vitro have neck cells that are binucleate (Ma et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multinucleate storage cells in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco) and the effect of seed parasitism by the chalcid Megastigmus spermotrophus Wachtl

Aderkas

Rouault²,

Wagner

et al. 2005

Heredity

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Megagametophytes of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco) accumulated storage products following fertilization. As megagametophytes matured, the number of nuclei per cell rose, resulting in syncytial storage cells. Studies carried out on trees in France and Canada confirmed that such previously unreported, free nuclear cells were a normal part of late megagametophyte development. Unfertilized megagametophytes showed that some binucleate cells before degeneration resulted in empty seed. Insect parasitism prevented megagametophyte abortion in unfertilized ovules. Oviposition by a torymid chalcid wasp (Megastigmus spermotrophus Wachtl) early in megagametophyte development resulted in normal megagametophyte development. Around the time of plant egg maturation, binucleate and trinucleate cells were observed. As megagametophytes matured, multinucleate mature storage cells rich in proteins, lipids and starch were formed. The insect was able to induce identical nuclear behaviour in infested, unfertilized megagametophytes, as that of uninfested, fertilized megagametophytes. Heredity (2005) 94, 616-622.

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Megagametophytes of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and hybrid larch (Larix × eurolepis) in culture: Multiplication of neck cells and the formation of binucleate cells

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Female parthenogenetic apomixis and androsporogenesis in Douglas-fir embryonal initials in an artificial sporangium

Female parthenogenetic apomixis and androsporogenesis in Douglas-fir embryonal initials in an artificial sporangium

Developmental synchronization of male and female gametophytes in Ginkgo biloba and its neck mother cell division prior to fertilization

Multinucleate storage cells in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco) and the effect of seed parasitism by the chalcid Megastigmus spermotrophus Wachtl

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