Meiosis and Fertility Associated with Chromosomal Heterozygosity

Borodin, Pavel M.; Fedyk, Stanisław; Chętnicki, Włodzimierz; Torgasheva, Anna A.; Pavlova, Svetlana V.; Searle, Jeremy B.

doi:10.1017/9780511895531.008

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…The introgression detected between P. assimilis and P. inornata , between which male hybrids are sterile, could suggest a role for genic divergence rather than chromosome rearrangements driving speciation, or a combination of the two in play. In both house mice ( Mus musculus domesticus ) and common shrews ( S. araneus ) simple Robertsonian fusion heterozygotes (trivalents) generally progress normally through meiosis ( Garagna et al 2014 ; Borodin et al 2019 ). We find conflicting evidence for the prediction that introgression should be reduced between species that differ in larger numbers of rearrangements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limited Introgression between Rock-Wallabies with Extensive Chromosomal Rearrangements

Potter

Bragg

Turakulov

et al. 2021

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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Chromosome rearrangements can result in the rapid evolution of hybrid incompatibilities. Robertsonian fusions, particularly those with monobrachial homology, can drive reproductive isolation amongst recently diverged taxa. The recent radiation of rock-wallabies (genus Petrogale) is an important model to explore the role of Robertsonian fusions in speciation. Here we pursue that goal using an extensive sampling of populations and genomes of Petrogale from north-eastern Australia. In contrast to previous assessments using mitochondrial DNA or nuclear microsatellite loci, genomic data are able to separate the most closely related species and to resolve their divergence histories. Both phylogenetic and population genetic analyses indicate introgression between two species that differ by a single Robertsonian fusion. Based on the available data, there is also evidence for introgression between two species which share complex chromosomal rearrangements. However, the remaining results show no consistent signature of introgression amongst species pairs and where evident, indicate generally low introgression overall. X-linked loci have elevated divergence compared to autosomal loci indicating a potential role for genic evolution to produce reproductive isolation in concert with chromosome change. Our results highlight the value of genome scale data in evaluating the role of Robertsonian fusions and structural variation in divergence, speciation and patterns of molecular evolution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limited Introgression between Rock-Wallabies with Extensive Chromosomal Rearrangements

Potter

Bragg

Turakulov

et al. 2021

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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“…Chromosomal heterozygosity leads to the formation of multivalents (instead of normal bivalents) during meiosis. Potentially, this results in segregation problems at the first meiotic division and, as a consequence, complete or partial sterility (Grant, 1981; King, 1993; Borodin et al, 2019). Even a single heterozygous chromosomal rearrangement, such as a reciprocal translocation or chromosomal fusion, is expected to result in 50% reduction of fertility (King, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal conservatism vs chromosomal megaevolution: enigma of karyotypic evolution in Lepidoptera

Pazhenkova

Lukhtanov

2022

Preprint

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In the evolution of many organisms, periods of very slow genome reorganization (=chromosomal conservatism) are interrupted by bursts of numerous chromosomal changes (=chromosomal megaevolution). However, the patterns, mechanisms, and consequences of conservative and rapid chromosomal evolution are still poorly understood and widely discussed. Here we show that in blue butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), the periods of chromosome number conservatism are characterized by the real stability of most autosomes and the highly dynamic evolution of the sex chromosome Z, which, due to autosome-sex chromosome fusions and fissions, is carried out according to the cycle Z=>NeoZ1=>Z=>NeoZ2=> Z=>NeoZ3. These fusions and fissions result in a fluctuation of chromosomal number around the ancestral value, a phenomenon previously observed (but not explained) in numerous groups of Lepidoptera. In the phase of chromosomal megaevolution, the explosive increase in the chromosome number occurs mainly due to simple chromosomal fissions, in some cases complicated by autosomal translocations. Interestingly, these translocations are not random and found to occur only between fragmented chromosomes originated from the same primary linkage group. We also found that the Z chromosomes of two closely related Lysandra species are differentiated by a large inversion. We argue that the special role of sex chromosomes in speciation can be reinforced via sex chromosome - autosome fusion. The cycles of fusions and fissions of sex chromosomes with autosomes, such as those found in the blue butterflies, indicate that the species divergence driven by neo-Z chromosome formation is widely distributed in Lepidoptera.

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“…Because eccDNA translocations are a priori balanced (no loss of genetic information), they may result in normal development allowing its phenotypic effects (changes in gene expression) to be expressed. Nonetheless, due to low reproductive fitness of large structural chromosomal heterozygotes, fixation of a novel rearrangement might be rare, reducing their effect in speciation [40]. Some mechanisms, such as inverted meiosis (sister chromatids separate before homolog chromosomes), tolerate such heterozygosity and rescue meiotic fitness [41,42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Did circular DNA shape the evolution of mammalian genomes?

Holt

Tane

Regenberg

2022

Preprint

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Extrachromosomal circular DNA of chromosomal origin (eccDNA) can rapidly shape the evolution and adaptation of mitotically dividing cells such as tumor cells. However, whether eccDNA has a permanent impact on genome evolution through the germline is largely unexplored. Here, we propose that a large fraction of the syntenic changes that are found between mammalian species are caused by germline transposition of eccDNA. We have previously shown the existence of eccDNA in mammalian meiotic cells. By reanalysis of available synteny maps, we now find that up to 6% of mammalian genomes might have rearranged via a circular DNA intermediate. Hence, eccDNA in the germline is expected to have large effects on evolution of gene order.

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Meiosis and Fertility Associated with Chromosomal Heterozygosity

Cited by 14 publications

References 100 publications

Limited Introgression between Rock-Wallabies with Extensive Chromosomal Rearrangements

Limited Introgression between Rock-Wallabies with Extensive Chromosomal Rearrangements

Chromosomal conservatism vs chromosomal megaevolution: enigma of karyotypic evolution in Lepidoptera

Did circular DNA shape the evolution of mammalian genomes?

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