Melanin Hyperpigmentation Inhibitors from Natural Resources

Matsuda, Hideaki; Murata, Kazuya; Itoh, Kimihisa; Masuda, Megumi; Naruto, Shunsuke

doi:10.5772/19912

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Consequently, numerous studies have been carried out recently on herbal extracts and natural products, which demonstrate them as potential tyrosinase inhibitors. [ 19 20 21 22 23 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tyrosinase inhibitory activities of Carissa opaca Stapf ex haines roots extracts and their phytochemical analysis

2017

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Objective:Carissa opaca is a medicinal plant with rich folkloric applications. The present research was conducted to explore the tyrosinase inhibitory potential of aqueous decoction (AD) and methanolic extract (ME) of roots of C. opaca and its fractions in various solvents and their phytochemical analysis.Materials and Methods:AD of the dried powdered roots of C. opaca was prepared by boiling in water. ME was prepared by cold maceration. Its fractions were obtained in solvents of increasing polarity, i.e., hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. The biomass left after extraction with methanol was boiled in water to get its decoction Biomass aqueous decoction (BAD). Tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the samples were studied according to a reported method. Chemical compounds in the samples were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results:The AD, BAD, and ME and its fractions displayed remarkable tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The IC50 of AD was 23.33 μg/mL as compared to 15.80 μg/mL of the standard arbutin and that of BAD was 21.24 μg/mL. The IC50 of ME was 34.76 μg/mL while that of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanolic, and aqueous fractions was 21.0, 44.73, 43.40, 27.66, and 25.06 μg/mL, respectively. The hexane fraction was thus most potent followed by aqueous fraction. By phytochemical analysis, campesterol, stigmasterol, gamma-sitosterol, alpha-amyrin, 9,19-cyclolanostan-3-ol, 24-methylene-,(3 β)-, lupeol, lup-20(29)-en-3-one, lup-20(29)-en-3-ol, acetate,(3 β)-, 2(1H) naphthalenone, 3,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-4,8a-dimethyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-, and 2,3,3-trimethyl-2-(3-methylbuta-1,3-dienyl)-6-methylenecyclohexanone were identified in the extracts by GC-MS. Other compounds included fatty acids and their esters. Some of these compounds are being first time reported here from this plant.Conclusions:The roots extracts exhibited considerable tyrosinase inhibitory activities, alluding to a possible application of the plant in cosmetic as whitening agent subject to further pharmacological studies.SUMMARY The present study aimed to explore the tyrosinase inhibitory potential of aqueous decoction and methanolic extract of roots of Carissa opaca and its fractions in various solvents and their phytochemical constituents. GCMS analysis was conducted to identify the phytochemicals. The extracts and fractions of C. opaca roots showed remarkable anti-tyrosinase activities alluding to their possible application to treat disorders related to overproduction of melanin. Abbreviations used: AD: Aqueous decoction; ME: Methanolic extract; BAD: Biomass aqueous decoction; GC-MS: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

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“…Consequently, numerous studies have been carried out recently on herbal extracts and natural products, which demonstrate them as potential tyrosinase inhibitors. [ 19 20 21 22 23 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tyrosinase inhibitory activities of Carissa opaca Stapf ex haines roots extracts and their phytochemical analysis

2017

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“…Several herbs in SHT, including A. gigas , C. officinale , Z. officinale , and Z. jujube , have been reported to modulate melanogenesis; however, the effective doses were much higher and potentially cytotoxic compared with the doses used in our experiments. The methanol extract of C. officinale exhibited tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC 50 of 9.6 mg/ml [24], whereas the ethanol extracts of Z. officinale and Z. jujube inhibited tyrosinase activity by approximately 40% at 330 μg/ml and by 20.3% at 4 mg/ml, respectively [25,26]. Although the ethanol extract of A. gigas (AGE) at 5–30 μg/ml remarkably inhibited melanin synthesis in a dose-dependent manner, AGE at 20, 25, and 30 μg/ml reduced cell viability to 90, 80, and 60%, respectively, compared with untreated control cells [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ssanghwa-tang, an oriental herbal cocktail, exerts anti-melanogenic activity by suppression of the p38 MAPK and PKA signaling pathways in B16F10 cells

Kim

Yim

et al. 2013

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundSsanghwa-tang (SHT) is a widely used medication for the treatment of fatigue, pain, inflammation, hypothermia, erectile dysfunction, cancer, and osteoporosis in Asia, however, role of SHT on the melanin synthesis has not been checked previously. Thus, the present study was designed to determine the effect of SHT on α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanogensis and its mechanisms of action in murine B16F10 melanoma cells.MethodCellular melanin content and tyrosinase activity in murine B16F10 melanoma cells were determined after α-MSH stimulation with or without pre-treatment of SHT at the concentration of 250 and 500 μg/ml. Expression level of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), TRP-2, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and activation of c-AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), c-AMP-related element binding protein (CREB), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were examined by Western blot analysis.ResultsSHT significantly inhibited α-MSH-induced melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity, and also decreased α-MSH-induced expression of MITF, tyrosinase, and TRP-1. In addition, SHT remarkably suppressed tyrosinase, CRE, and MITF luciferase reporter activity in a resting state as well as in α-MSH-stimulating condition. Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK by α-MSH stimulation was efficiently blocked by SHT pre-treatment. Moreover, SHT as an herbal cocktail showed synergistic anti-melanogenic effect compared with that of each single constituent herb.ConclusionSHT efficiently inhibited c-AMP-induced melanin synthesis in B16F10 cells via suppression of PKA and p38 MAPK signaling pathways and subsequently decreased the level of CREB phosphorylation, MITF, and melanogenic enzymes. These results indicate that SHT may be useful as herbal medicine for treating hyperpigmentation and cosmetics as a skin-whitening agent.

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“…However, formation of increased amount of melanin results in dermatological disorders such as melasma, freckles and age spots [2]. Abnormal melanin deposition in the skin has great impact on cosmetics and has prompted research and development of agents that could interfere with melanin synthesis [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the regulatory enzyme of melanogenic pathway, tyrosinase has become a major target for the control of skin pigmentation [3]. Therefore tyrosinase inhibitors can be clinically useful for the treatment of dermatologic disorders associated with melanin hyperpigmentation and applications in cosmetic products for skin whitening [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%