Melasma: A clinicopathological study of 43 cases

Vermani, Sarvjot; Sharma, Shruti; Mishra, Sharmila; Singh, Avninder

doi:10.4103/0377-4929.54993

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…[19] Even histopathologically there may not be a correlation between the findings of the Wood's light examination and the histopathological depth of the pigmentation. [2021] The difference may be due to the non-attendance of patients with mild varieties of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melasma: A clinico-epidemiological study of 312 cases

Achar¹,

Rathi

2011

Indian J Dermatol

135

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Background:Melasma is an acquired increased pigmentation of the skin, characterized by gray-brown symmetrical patches, mostly in the sun-exposed areas of the skin. The pathogenesis is unknown, but genetic or hormonal influences with UV radiation are important.Aims:Our present research aims to study the clinico-epidemiological pattern and the precipitating or provocation factors in melasma.Materials and Methods:A total of 312 patients were enrolled for the study over a period of one year.Results:The mean age of patients with melasma was 33.45 years, ranging from 14 to 54 years. There was female preponderance with a female to male ratio of approximately 4 : 1. The mean age of onset was 29.99 years, with the youngest and oldest being 11 and 49 years, respectively. The patients sought medical treatment on an average of 3.59 years after appearance of melasma. About 55.12% of our patients reported that their disease exacerbated during sun exposure. Among 250 female patients, 56 reported pregnancy and 46 reported oral contraceptive as the precipitating factors. Only 34 patients had given history of exacerbation of melasma during pregnancy. A positive family history of melasma was observed in 104 (33.33%) patients. Centrofacial was the most common pattern (55.44%) observed in the present study. Wood light examination showed the dermal type being the most common in 54.48% and epidermal and mixed were seen in 21.47% and 24.03% of the cases, respectively. We tried to find an association with endocrinal diseases and observed that 20 of them had hypothyroidism.Conclusion:The exact cause of melasma is unknown. However, many factors have been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of this disorder. Here we try to identify the causative factors and provocation to develop melasma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melasma: A clinico-epidemiological study of 312 cases

Achar¹,

Rathi

2011

Indian J Dermatol

135

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“…However, Wood's light examination may not be accurate in determining the depth of pigment. [2324] There is poor correlation between the classification based on Wood's light examination and histopathology [Figure 3]. …”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Melasma update

Arora

Garg

Sonthalia

et al. 2014

Indian Dermatol Online J

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Melasma is an acquired pigmentary disorder characterized by symmetrical hyperpigmented macules on the face. Its pathogenesis is complex and involves the interplay of various factors such as genetic predisposition, ultraviolet radiation, hormonal factors, and drugs. An insight into the pathogenesis is important to devise treatment modalities that accurately target the disease process and prevent relapses. Hydroquinone remains the gold standard of treatment though many newer drugs, especially plant extracts, have been developed in the last few years. In this article, we review the pathogenetic factors involved in melasma. We also describe the newer treatment options available and their efficacy. We carried out a PubMed search using the following terms “melasma, pathogenesis, etiology, diagnosis, treatment” and have included data of the last few years.

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“…Malar pattern melasma is predominant in the southern region of India to a greater extent when compared with the northern region [6–8]. Achar et al demonstrated that an increased exposure to sun, pregnancy, use of oral contraceptives and use of cosmetics at least five times a week contribute to the exacerbation of melasma among the Indian population [7]. The effect of socioeconomic class of the patient, effect of previous treatments, menopause status and other concomitant conditions have not been evaluated in epidemiological studies conducted to evaluate the prevalence of melasma [9–11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cross-Sectional, Multicentric Clinico-Epidemiological Study of Melasma in India

Krupashankar

Somani

Kohli³

et al. 2014

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)

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BackgroundMelasma is one of the most common pigment disorders seen by a dermatologist and often occurs among women with darker complexion (skin type IV–VI).AimsThe present study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of melasma in the Indian population and to focus on the regional variability in the demographics, clinical manifestations and factors that precipitate this condition.MethodsThe present multicentric study conducted across four regions in India enrolled patients (>18 years) diagnosed with melasma on Wood’s light examination. Patients were examined to identify the distribution of melasma. Various precipitating and etiological factors for melasma were documented.ResultsThe mean age of the 331 enrolled patients with melasma was 37.2 ± 9.3 years. The prevalence of melasma was higher in females with a female to male ratio of approximately 4:1. The overall population with family history was 31%, highest in the northern region (38.5%) and lowest in the eastern region (18.2%). The two prominent patterns of distribution were centrofacial (42%) and malar (39%). Only 35% of the patients were using sunscreens. Of these, 10% of the patients used sunscreen with SPF >50. The usage of sunscreens was observed to be highest in the north (69%). About 51% of women with multiple pregnancies had a history of melasma when compared with single women (25%) or with no pregnancy (24%).ConclusionsIn conclusion, the result of the study showed that there was a regional variability in the demographics, clinical manifestations and factors that precipitate melasma among patients in India. There was a strong correlation between the family history and prevalence of melasma. Sun exposure is a major precipitating factor in melasma, but only 10% of the patients used sunscreen with SPF >50. Other factors such as concomitant medication, chronicity of disease, multiple pregnancies and use of oral contraceptives might precipitate melasma.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13555-014-0046-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Melasma: A clinicopathological study of 43 cases

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Melasma: A clinico-epidemiological study of 312 cases

Melasma: A clinico-epidemiological study of 312 cases

Melasma update

A Cross-Sectional, Multicentric Clinico-Epidemiological Study of Melasma in India

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