Melatonin: Aeromedical, Toxicopharmacological, and Analytical Aspects*,†

Sanders, Donald C.; Chaturvedi, Arvind; Hordinsky, Jerry R.

doi:10.1093/jat/23.3.159

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Normally, melatonin production occurs during the dark phase of the day. The distinct diurnal variation has suggested the possibility of a regulatory function of melatonin in day/night-dependent physiologic processes, such as sleep (5). Recently, laboratory studies have also shown the antiproliferative, antioxidative, and immunostimulatory actions of melatonin (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Vegetable Intake with Urinary 6-Sulfatoxymelatonin Level

Nagata

Nagao

Shibuya

et al. 2005

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Melatonin is present in plants consumed as vegetables; however, only a limited number of vegetables have been tested for melatonin. The antiproliferative, antioxidative, and immunostimulatory effects of melatonin have been reported from laboratory studies. The potential protective effects of vegetable against cancer and cardiovascular disease may be partially attributable to an increased melatonin intake from vegetables. As a first step to test this hypothesis, we evaluated whether vegetable intake is associated with an increased urinary melatonin in 289 community-dwelling Japanese women. Diet, including vegetable consumption, was assessed with a validated 169-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6-s) was measured in the first-void morning urines. There was a significant positive association between vegetable intake and urinary aMT6-s levels. The mean urinary aMT6-s was 16% higher in women with the highest quartile of vegetable intake than it was in those with the lowest quartile of intake. This association may be explained by the melatonin contained in vegetables. However, data should be regarded as preliminary because it is impossible to estimate dietary melatonin intake from vegetables and or from the entire diet because of incomplete data for melatonin in plants. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005;14(5):1333 -5)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Vegetable Intake with Urinary 6-Sulfatoxymelatonin Level

Nagata

Nagao

Shibuya

et al. 2005

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…In addition, it has been shown to act as an antioxidant (Reiter et al, 1997; Reiter, 1998). The synthesis of melatonin varies during the day and at night (Sanders et al, 1999), the maximal amount being secreted in the dark at night (Borjigin et al, 1999). Other factors, such as ischemia, are known to affect production of melatonin; for example, reduced production of melatonin is known to occur in various ischemic conditions, such as coronary artery disease (Sakotnik et al, 1999), and administration of exogenous melatonin under ischemic conditions has proved useful because of its protective effects (Cuzzocrea et al, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Plasma melatonin, pinealocyte morphology, and surface receptors/antigen expression on macrophages/microglia in the pineal gland following a high‐altitude exposure

Kaur

Srinivasan

Singh³

et al. 2002

J of Neuroscience Research

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The present study examined the effects of high-altitude exposure on the pineal gland, the main source of production of melatonin. It was surmised that hypoxia experienced at high altitude, caused by decreased oxygen tension in the ambient air, might lead to some structural alterations in the pineal gland and, hence, affect its melatonin production. Adult Wistar rats were exposed to an altitude of 8,000 m for 2 hr in an altitude chamber and then sacrificed at various time intervals after the exposure. Normal rats kept at ground level were used as controls. Blood samples were collected at various time intervals for measurement of plasma melatonin level, and the pineal glands from both groups were processed for electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The plasma melatonin level showed a steady increase following altitude exposure peaking at 7 days and returned to control levels thereafter. Between 1 and 4 days after altitude exposure, the mitochondrial number and lipid droplets in the pinealocytes appeared to be reduced compared with those in control rats. At 7 days, however, the mitochondrial numbers and lipid droplets were noticeably increased. At the same time interval, the expression of complement type 3 receptors and major histocompatibility class II antigens as detected with the antibodies OX-42 and OX-6, respectively, in macrophages/microglia was up-regulated compared with that in the control rats and those killed at earlier times. This was attributed to the increased serum melatonin after the altitude exposure. By 14 and 21 days, the ultrastructure of pinealocytes and immunoreactivity of macrophages/microglia were comparable with those in the control rats. We conclude from this study that an altitude exposure in rats leads to an increase in melatonin production, which returned to control levels with passage of time.

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“…The synthesis of melatonin varies during the day and at night [13], maximum amount being secreted in the dark at night [25]. Melatonin levels decline with age [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pineal Gland and Beneficial Effects of Melatonin

Kaur¹,

Ling

2007

EMI

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The pineal gland, a circumventricular organ, is involved in synchronizing the chronobiology of organisms through synthesis of melatonin. It is composed of various cell types such as pinealocytes, macrophages/microglia and astrocytes. The pinealocytes synthesize and secrete melatonin, the secretion being regulated by the environmental light/dark cycle via the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Melatonin has antioxidant, oncostatic, neuroprotective and immunoregulatory properties, some of which have been reported by recent patents. Its production is known to decline in old age and is also known to be affected by certain factors such as hypoxia-ischemia. Microglia/macrophages have a parenchymal or perivascular distribution and they may serve as a putative barrier protecting the pineal gland against entry of serum derived noxious substances. Besides their supportive role, the astrocytes in the pineal gland may release growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor under hypoxic conditions resulting in increased permeability of blood vessels. Our recent studies have explored the therapeutic potential of melatonin in ameliorating hypoxic damage in the brain including the pineal gland.

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Melatonin: Aeromedical, Toxicopharmacological, and Analytical Aspects*,†

Cited by 21 publications

References 78 publications

Association of Vegetable Intake with Urinary 6-Sulfatoxymelatonin Level

Association of Vegetable Intake with Urinary 6-Sulfatoxymelatonin Level

Plasma melatonin, pinealocyte morphology, and surface receptors/antigen expression on macrophages/microglia in the pineal gland following a high‐altitude exposure

The Pineal Gland and Beneficial Effects of Melatonin

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