Melatonin in the eye: Implications for glaucoma

Lundmark, Per Olof; Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R.; Srinivasan, V.; Cardinali, D.P.; Rosenstein, Ruth E.

doi:10.1016/j.exer.2006.10.018

Cited by 57 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Oxidative stress is suspected of playing a major role in numerous age-related diseases (Jones, 2006) and neurodegenerative disorders (Reynolds et al, 2007), and in the eye, several diseases including age-related cataract (Truscott, 2005), glaucoma (Lundmark et al 2007), and agerelated macular degeneration (Beatty et al 2000) are associated with endogenous and exogenous oxidative stress. A key characteristic of oxidative stress damage is loss of mitochondrial function.…”

Section: Abstract Blue Cones; Photoreceptors; Mitochondriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Peroxiredoxin 3 (PDRX3) is highly expressed in the primate retina especially in blue cones

Moreira

Kantorow

Rodríguez

2008

Experimental Eye Research

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Oxidative stress and loss of mitochondrial function have been implicated in age-related ocular diseases and thus studying enzymes involved in these processes may be of particular importance in these diseases. Peroxiredoxin III (PRDX3) is one of a family of six known peroxiredoxins which are known to protect cells against oxidative damage. PRDX3 is localized to the mitochondria and has been reported to be induced by hydrogen peroxide in aortic endothelial and lens epithelial cells. Using a highly specific commercially available antibody, PRDX3 was readily detected by immunoblot in monkey neural retina. Immunohistochemical analysis of human and monkey retina localized PRDX3 mainly to the photoreceptor inner segments, the outer and inner plexiform layers and the ganglion cells. These are areas of known high mitochondrial content. In the monkey retina some of the cone inner segments were much more strongly labeled than others. Dual-labeling experiments using specific anti-cone opsin antibodies determined that the high expressing cones were of the blue subtype. By contrast, in the human retina all of the cone inner segments were immunoreactive. This difference may be due to a postmortem induction of PRDX3 in the human sample. These results suggest that PRDX3 may be important in protecting photoreceptor mitochondria especially in blue cones. Keywords blue cones; photoreceptors; mitochondriaOxidative stress is suspected of playing a major role in numerous age-related diseases (Jones, 2006) and neurodegenerative disorders (Reynolds et al., 2007), and in the eye, several diseases including age-related cataract (Truscott, 2005), glaucoma (Lundmark et al. 2007), and agerelated macular degeneration (Beatty et al. 2000) are associated with endogenous and exogenous oxidative stress. A key characteristic of oxidative stress damage is loss of mitochondrial function. Thus, identifying mitochondrial specific antioxidant systems is likely to increase our understanding of these diseases. In the present report, we detected and localized for the first time mitochondrial Peroxiredoxin III (PRDX3) in the primate retina and determined that blue cones have higher expression than other cones types.

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Section: Abstract Blue Cones; Photoreceptors; Mitochondriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Peroxiredoxin 3 (PDRX3) is highly expressed in the primate retina especially in blue cones

Moreira

Kantorow

Rodríguez

2008

Experimental Eye Research

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“…In addition, melatonin directly scavenges NO radical which in concert with oxygen free radicals is transformed in potent cytotoxic species. Therefore, melatonin protects ocular tissues from oxidative and nitrosative damage [25][26][27][28][29]. High concentrations of synaptic glutamate, the main neurotransmitter in the retina, also trigger glial free-radicals (oxygen-and NO-derived) production and thus, retinal ganglion cell death [26,70].…”

Section: Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the eye, local melatonin has a neuroprotective effect due to its antioxidant and antinitridergic properties as well as its capacity to modulate extracellular glutamate levels in the retina [25][26][27][28]. Melatonin inhibits retinal NO synthesis (inhibits nitric oxide synthase, NOS) and L-arginine uptake (NOS substrate) as well as the accumulation of cGMP induced by both NO donor and L-arginine.…”

Section: Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, melatonin has emerged as a promising agent for the management of glaucoma [26][27][28]74]. …”

Section: Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, limited analogs have been tested in preclinical models of ocular diseases where melatonin has an important role. The antioxidant and antinitridergic actions of melatonin, which are melatonin receptor-independent activities, are also essential in eye health [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. In addition, these properties are useful in the treatment of systemic diseases such as cardiovascular, autoimmune or neurodegenerative diseases [30].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ocular disorders and the utility of animal models in the discovery of melatoninergic drugs with therapeutic potential

Crooke

Huete-Toral²,

Martínez-Águila³

et al. 2012

Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery

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The use of animals for the study of ocular diseases and the potentiality of melatonin and its analogs, as future therapeutic drugs, should be performed on the basis of a rationale study. It is important to note that melatonin receptors seem to be widespread all over the eye. This strongly suggests that, in order to modify the physiology and biochemistry of malfunctioning ocular tissue, the melatonin receptors which are present in that tissue must be first identified. Second there is the need to confirm that those receptors targeted perform the desirable responses, and as a third measure, to use selective agonists (or antagonists) instead of melatonin. However, although some animals mimic ocular pathologies relatively well, and these can be used in melatonin studies, there is still a long way to go till some of the results obtained in animal models could be used for human therapy.

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What Do We (Need to) Know About the Melatonin in Crustaceans?

2013

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Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine) was first discovered from the bovine pineal gland extract in 1958. Since then, its synthesis, metabolism, physiological, and patho-physiological functions are well studied in vertebrates; there is an increasing recognition of melatonin in invertebrates and especially in crustaceans. The presence of melatonin in crustaceans is now well documented and some functional aspects in the framework of crustacean biology have been demonstrated. This review aims at giving a comprehensive overview of the various physiological events regulated by this pleiotropic hormone. Topics include: glucose homeostasis, regulation of reproduction, molting, limb regeneration, and antioxidant properties. Finally, perspectives on current and possible research are offered.

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Melatonin in the eye: Implications for glaucoma

Cited by 57 publications

References 117 publications

Peroxiredoxin 3 (PDRX3) is highly expressed in the primate retina especially in blue cones

Peroxiredoxin 3 (PDRX3) is highly expressed in the primate retina especially in blue cones

Ocular disorders and the utility of animal models in the discovery of melatoninergic drugs with therapeutic potential

What Do We (Need to) Know About the Melatonin in Crustaceans?

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