Melatonin promotes in vitro maturation of vitrified-warmed mouse GV oocytes potentially by modulating MAD2 protein expression of SAC component through MTRs

Editorial: Cryopreservation of mammalian gametes and embryos: implications of oxidative and nitrosative stress and potential role of antioxidants

“…These antioxidants prevent oxidative stress by either directly scavenging free radicals such as –OH and H 2 O 2 or indirectly through secondary molecules. SOD catalyzes the initial detoxification of followed by the conversion of the product into H 2 O by CAT or GPX ( 20 ). Indirectly, antioxidants act through antioxidant signaling pathways mostly through receptors (such as melatonin receptors, MTRs) to enhance GPX activity ( 21 ), or promote the expression of related antioxidant proteins such as MAD2, NRF1, NRF2, SIRT1, and Drp1 to reduce oxidative and nitrosative stress and improve post-thawed gamete quality [( 8 , 21 – 23 ); Qin et al ].…”

Oxidative Stress and Oocyte Cryopreservation: Recent Advances in Mitigation Strategies Involving Antioxidants

“…To reduce the cryopreservation-inflicted oxidative damage to oocytes, non-enzymatic antioxidants are usually applied in the vitrification, warming, and/or culture media to mitigate the oxidative stress. Numerous antioxidants including melatonin [ 46 , 88 , 89 ], resveratrol [ 90 , 91 , 92 ], L-carnitine [ 93 , 94 ], quercetin [ 95 ], vitamin E [ 96 , 97 ], astaxanthin [ 98 ], proline [ 99 ], and coenzyme Q10 [ 100 ] have been demonstrated to have beneficial impact on oocyte maturation and development. The results of the previous studies provide encouraging evidence that the oxidative damage in vitrified-warmed oocytes can be reduced/mitigated, and their in vitro developmental potential can be greatly improved.…”

“…Melatonin can also maintain normal morphology and function of vitrified-warmed oocyte organelles through MTRs [ 88 , 128 ]. Disturbances in spindle assembly and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC)-related components caused by oocytes cryopreservation can lead to chromosomal segregation errors, which in turn increase the number of aneuploid embryos and cause miscarriages or congenital diseases [ 129 ].…”

“…Disturbances in spindle assembly and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC)-related components caused by oocytes cryopreservation can lead to chromosomal segregation errors, which in turn increase the number of aneuploid embryos and cause miscarriages or congenital diseases [ 129 ]. It has been reported that 10 −7 mol/L melatonin can improve spindle morphology through MTRs, regulate the levels of MAD2 protein, an important component of the SAC, and subsequently improve the in vitro developmental potential of vitrified-warmed mouse GV-stage oocytes [ 88 ]. In addition, oocyte cryopreservation can lead to increased phosphorylation levels of kinesin-related protein 1 (Drp1), while 10 −7 mol/L melatonin was able maintain mitochondrial fission/fusion homeostasis via MTRs that reduce Drp1 phosphorylation levels, protecting mitochondrial function, reducing the release of pro-apoptotic genes and cytochrome C, and improving the survival rate of vitrified-warmed mouse GV-stage oocytes [ 130 ].…”

Melatonin Promotes in vitro Development of Vitrified-Warmed Mouse GV Oocytes, Potentially by Modulating Phosphorylation of Drp1

“…The ratio of red fluorescence to green fluorescence was recorded as MMP ( ψm) of oocytes. The intensity of red and green fluorescence in each oocyte was measured using Image J software (Version 1.48; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), calculated the fluorescence intensity was based on previous study (2,38,42).…”