Melt intercalation/exfoliation of polystyrene–sodium-montmorillonite nanocomposites using sulfonated polystyrene ionomer compatibilizers

Bhiwankar, Nikhil N.; Weiss, R.A.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2006.07.017

Cited by 59 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Also observed in the TEM-acquired images is the curvature of the clay layers, a feature noted in literature with other nanocomposites (black arrows, Fig. 4A) (Ma et al, 2003;Bhiwankar and Weiss, 2006;Mansa and Detellier, 2013).…”

Section: Morphology Of the Swy-2 And Brn Nanocompositessupporting

confidence: 71%

Preparation and characterization of novel clay/PLA nanocomposites

Mansa

Huang

Quintela

et al. 2015

Applied Clay Science

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Section: Morphology Of the Swy-2 And Brn Nanocompositessupporting

confidence: 71%

Preparation and characterization of novel clay/PLA nanocomposites

Mansa

Huang

Quintela

et al. 2015

Applied Clay Science

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“…The maleic anhydride modified clay improved the compatibility between the clay and the PS [17] . The use of quaternary ammonium salts of sulfonated polystyrene as compatibilizer for melt intercalation of PS and pristine Na-MMT has been reported by Weiss et al The nanocomposites containing ionomers exhibited higher storage moduli compared to nanocomposites without the compatibilizer [18] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer-clay nanocomposites: chemical grafting of polystyrene onto Cloisite 20A

et al. 2012

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An account of the experiments on preparing polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites through grafting the polymer onto organophilic montmorillonite is reported. Cloisite 20A was reacted with vinyltrichlorosilane to replace the edge hydroxyl groups of the clay with a vinyl moiety. Because the reaction may liberate HCl, it was performed in the presence of sodium hydrogencarbonate to prevent the exchange of quaternary alkylammonium cations with H + ions. Only the silanol groups on the edge of the clay react with vinyltrichlorosilane. The radical polymerization of the product with styrene as a vinyl monomer leads to chemical grafting of PS onto the montmorillonite surface. The homopolymer formed during polymerization was separated from the grafted organoclay by Soxhlet extraction. Chemical grafting of the polymer onto Cloisite 20A was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. The prepared nanocomposite materials and the grafted nano-particles were studied by XRD. Exfoliated nanocomposites may be obtained for 0.5 wt%−1 wt% clay content. The nanocomposites were studied by thermogravimertic analysis (TGA) dynamic thermal analysis (DTA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMTA).

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“…The nanocomposites prepared by the solution polymerization method showed exfoliation of the silicate layers in the PS matrix. Weiss et al 24 reported the exfoliation of clays in melt blended PS/Na-MMT nanocomposites, using tetra-octyl ammonium and tetra-decyl ammonium salts of sulfonated polystyrene (SPS), as compatibilizers. With the increasing length of the alkyl chain of the ammonium counter-ion of the SPS ionomer exfoliation was increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of highly exfoliated PS/Na+-MMT nanocomposites by suspension polymerization using Na+-MMT clay platelets as suspension stabilizer

Sain

Khatua

2011

Macromol. Res.

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Synthesis of highly exfoliated polystyrene/Na + -montmorillonite (PS/Na + -MMT) nanocomposites using Na + -MMT clay platelets as stabilizer during suspension polymerization of styrene monomer is discussed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the presence of a small amount of Na + -MMT during the suspension polymerization of styrene without any suspension stabilizer (PVA) resulted in the formation of spherical PS/Na + -MMT nanocomposites beads with a wide distribution of sizes. The wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) study revealed near delamination/high degree of swelling of Na + -MMT clay platelets in water. The exfoliated clay platelets in water media prior to the polymerization of styrene monomer played the role of a stabilizer by preventing the agglomeration of the monomer droplets. Moreover, polymerization of the styrene monomer with organoclay (o-MMT) in the absence of a PVA stabilizer formed clusters of PS/o-MMT nanocomposites. WAXD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed a high level of delamination with minor intercalation of silicate layers in the PS/Na + -MMT nanocomposites, whereas intercalated nanocomposites were produced from the styrene/o-MMT polymerization system. The thermal stability of PS was also increased significantly in the PS/Na + -MMT nanocomposite, compared to that of the PS/o-MMT nanocomposites.

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Melt intercalation/exfoliation of polystyrene–sodium-montmorillonite nanocomposites using sulfonated polystyrene ionomer compatibilizers

Cited by 59 publications

References 37 publications

Preparation and characterization of novel clay/PLA nanocomposites

Preparation and characterization of novel clay/PLA nanocomposites

Polymer-clay nanocomposites: chemical grafting of polystyrene onto Cloisite 20A

Synthesis of highly exfoliated PS/Na+-MMT nanocomposites by suspension polymerization using Na+-MMT clay platelets as suspension stabilizer

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