Melting artificial spin ice

Kapaklis, Vassilios; Arnalds, Unnar B.; Harman-Clarke, A.; Papaioannou, Evangelos Th.; Karimipour, Masoud; Korelis, Panagiotis; Taroni, A.; Holdsworth, Peter; Bramwell, S. T.; Hjörvarsson, Bjørgvin

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/14/3/035009

Cited by 135 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…20 Our use of a spatially resolving imaging method means that we are able to see exactly how the array begins to 'melt' and track the different vertex populations as this happens.…”

Section: Thermal Behaviour Using Field-modified Barrier Heightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 The macrospin ice system has been shown to melt if it is heated close to the Curie point of the underlying microspin system. 20 Developing this concept, it has also been shown that it is possible to repeatedly thermalise an ASI system by using high temperatures to heat the sample in order to access dynamics, cool, then image the arrested state. 21,22 Nevertheless, it is desirable to see the dynamics as they happen in real time.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Temperature and magnetic-field driven dynamics in artificial magnetic square ice

et al. 2015

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Artificial spin ices are often spoken of as being realisations of some of the celebrated vertex models of statistical mechanics, where the exact microstate of the system can be imaged using advanced magnetic microscopy methods. The fact that a stable image can be formed means that the system is in fact athermal and not undergoing the usual finite-temperature fluctuations of a statistical mechanical system. In this paper we report on the preparation of artificial spin ices with islands that are thermally fluctuating due to their very small size. The relaxation rate of these islands was determined using variable frequency focussed magneto-optic Kerr measurements. We performed magnetic imaging of artificial spin ice under varied temperature and magnetic field using X-ray transmission microscopy which uses X-ray magnetic circular dichroism to generate magnetic contrast. We have developed an on-membrane heater in order to apply temperatures in excess of 700 K and have shown increased dynamics due to higher temperature. Due to the 'photon-in, photon-out' method employed here, it is the first report where it is possible to image the microstates of an ASI system under the simultaneous application of temperature and magnetic field, enabling the determination of relaxation rates, coercivties, and the analysis of vertex population during reversal.

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“…20 Our use of a spatially resolving imaging method means that we are able to see exactly how the array begins to 'melt' and track the different vertex populations as this happens.…”

Section: Thermal Behaviour Using Field-modified Barrier Heightmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and magnetic-field driven dynamics in artificial magnetic square ice

et al. 2015

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“…Most of the experimental studies on artificial spin ice have been performed on static systems [3][4][5] or systems with slow magnetization dynamics 6 using imaging techniques such as magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM). In recent years, however, thermally active artificial spin systems have gained a considerable interest 7 and provided a successful route to reach the low-energy magnetic states of artificial spin ice. 6,[8][9][10][11] Additionally, analysis of the thermal behavior of nanomagnetic systems is particularly important for understanding the limitations of future spintronic devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic diffuse scattering in artificial kagome spin ice

et al. 2016

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The study of magnetic correlations in dipolar-coupled nanomagnet systems with synchrotron X-ray scattering provides a means to uncover emergent phenomena and exotic phases, in particular in systems with thermally active magnetic moments. From the diffuse signal of soft X-ray resonant magnetic scattering, we have measured magnetic correlations in a highly dynamic artificial kagome spin ice with sub-70 nm Permalloy nanomagnets. On comparing experimental scattering patterns with Monte Carlo simulations based on a needle-dipole model, we conclude that kagome ice I phase correlations exist in our experimental system even in the presence of moment fluctuations, which is analogous to bulk spin ice and spin liquid behavior. In addition, we describe the emergence of quasi-pinch points in the magnetic diffuse scattering in the kagome ice I phase. These quasi-pinch points bear similarities to the fully developed pinch points with singularities of a magnetic Coulomb phase, and continually evolve into the latter on lowering the temperature. The possibility to measure magnetic diffuse scattering with soft X-rays opens the way to study magnetic correlations in a variety of nanomagnetic systems.

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“…More recently, a new experimental approach has been devised that seeks thermal activation in these physical simulators by heating close to the Curie temperature (T C ) of the constituent materials [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. In this technique, the lithographically-patterned single-domain nanoscale bar magnets that comprise the structure may begin to exhibit spontaneous reversal, driven simultaneously by thermal effects and by the local magnetic environment.…”

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confidence: 99%

FePd3as a material for studying thermally active artificial spin ice systems

2015

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Abstract:We report FePd 3 as a material for studying thermally active artificial spin ice (ASI) systems and use it to investigate both the square and kagome ice geometries. We readily achieve perfect ground state ordering in the square lattice and demonstrate the highest yet degree of monopole charge-ordering in the kagome lattice. We find that smaller lattice constants in the kagome system generally produce larger domains of charge order. Monte Carlo simulations show excellent agreement with our data when a small amount of disorder is included in the simulation. Main text:Frustrated systems have emerged as an important topic of condensed matter physics, and geometric frustration is of particular prominence, where the frustration arises from an ordered structure rather than crystalline imperfections [1]. In such systems, an apparent degeneracy of ground states prevents long range order, often when detailed analysis of perturbations predict that an ordered state nevertheless should occur [2]. Despite decades of intense interest, frustrated systems still pose fundamental problems, with many unanswered questions, due in part to the tendency of these systems to inefficiently explore their configuration spaces and to lose ergodicity [3]. Monte Carlo simulations can address some of these issues, through the introduction of more complicated basic excitations [4,5], but questions about the specific

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Melting artificial spin ice

Cited by 135 publications

References 37 publications

Temperature and magnetic-field driven dynamics in artificial magnetic square ice

Temperature and magnetic-field driven dynamics in artificial magnetic square ice

Magnetic diffuse scattering in artificial kagome spin ice

FePd3as a material for studying thermally active artificial spin ice systems

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