Melting of and Imbibition in a Granular Ice Layer on a Heated Substrate

Experimental Investigation of the Accretion and Shedding Process on a Heatable Naca0012 Airfoil in Ice Crystal Icing Conditions

“…Substrate heating resulted in melting the impacting ice crystals and accreted ice layer and the formed liquid water imbibed in the ice layer results in ice accretion growth. The extent and kinetics of the imbibition process were investigated for artificially generated ice layers in a laboratory environment by Köbschall et al (Köbschall et al, 2021).…”

“…The conditions necessary to initiate ice accretion are dictated by the melt water produced at the interface due to the heat transfer between the heated surface and the ice crystals. The melt water layer first increases the sticking efficiency of ice crystals and then imbibes the forming porous ice layer at the outermost ice layer surface, further compacting it (Köbschall et al, 2021). Ice layers formed at negative T wb therefore have a stronger cohesion and adhesion to the surface compared with the slushy ice layers formed at positive T wb (Kintea et al, 2016b).…”

“…The IWC determines the amount of glaciated ice particles impacting on the surface (Köbschall et al, 2021). To study the influence of IWC we keep the airspeed constant.…”