Membrane-bound carotenoid in Micrococcus luteus protects naphthoquinone from photodynamic action

Anwar, M. S.; Khan, Tarique; Qc, John Prebble; Zagalsky, P.F.

doi:10.1038/270538a0

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Yellow pigmentation has long been important for the identification of M. luteus, suggesting that the genes concerned with pigment production would show a restricted distribution. The phytoene synthetase (Mlut_21230), phytoene desaturase (Mlut_21220), and polyprenyl transferase (Mlut_21210) genes lie in the center of the cluster and have homologs in many different organisms, including the photosynthetic bacteria (Synechococcus), where the carotenoids might function to protect against radiation damage, as has been proposed in M. luteus (4). Other genes toward the extremities of the cluster show a more restricted distribution (Table 6).…”

Section: Sequence Of M Luteus Fleming Strain 851mentioning

confidence: 96%

Genome Sequence of the Fleming Strain of Micrococcus luteus , a Simple Free-Living Actinobacterium

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Micrococcus luteus (NCTC2665, "Fleming strain") has one of the smallest genomes of free-living actinobacteria sequenced to date, comprising a single circular chromosome of 2,501,097 bp (G؉C content, 73%) predicted to encode 2,403 proteins. The genome shows extensive synteny with that of the closely related organism, Kocuria rhizophila, from which it was taxonomically separated relatively recently. Despite its small size, the genome harbors 73 insertion sequence (IS) elements, almost all of which are closely related to elements found in other actinobacteria. An IS element is inserted into the rrs gene of one of only two rrn operons found in M. luteus. The genome encodes only four sigma factors and 14 response regulators, a finding indicative of adaptation to a rather strict ecological niche (mammalian skin). The high sensitivity of M. luteus to ␤-lactam antibiotics may result from the presence of a reduced set of penicillin-binding proteins and the absence of a wblC gene, which plays an important role in the antibiotic resistance in other actinobacteria. Consistent with the restricted range of compounds it can use as a sole source of carbon for energy and growth, M. luteus has a minimal complement of genes concerned with carbohydrate transport and metabolism and its inability to utilize glucose as a sole carbon source may be due to the apparent absence of a gene encoding glucokinase. Uniquely among characterized bacteria, M. luteus appears to be able to metabolize glycogen only via trehalose and to make trehalose only via glycogen. It has very few genes associated with secondary metabolism. In contrast to most other actinobacteria, M. luteus encodes only one resuscitation-promoting factor (Rpf) required for emergence from dormancy, and its complement of other dormancy-related proteins is also much reduced. M. luteus is capable of long-chain alkene biosynthesis, which is of interest for advanced biofuel production; a three-gene cluster essential for this metabolism has been identified in the genome.Micrococcus luteus, the type species of the genus Micrococcus (family Micrococcaceae, order Actinomycetales) (117), is an obligate aerobe. Three biovars have been distinguished (138). Its simple, coccoid morphology delayed the recognition of its relationship to actinomycetes, which are typically morphologically more complex. In the currently accepted phylogenetic tree of the actinobacteria, Micrococcus clusters with Arthrobacter and Renibacterium. Some other coccoid actinobacteria originally also called Micrococcus, but reclassified into four new genera (Kocuria, Nesterenkonia, Kytococcus, and Dermacoccus), are more distant relatives (121). The genus Micrococcus now includes only five species: M. luteus, M. lylae, M. antarcticus, M. endophyticus, and M. flavus (20, 69, 70, 121).We report here the genome sequence of Micrococcus luteus NCTC2665 (DSM 20030 T ), a strain of historical interest, since Fleming used it to demonstrate bacteriolytic activity (due to lysozyme) in a variety of body tissues and secretions (29,3...

show abstract

Section: Sequence Of M Luteus Fleming Strain 851mentioning

confidence: 96%

Genome Sequence of the Fleming Strain of Micrococcus luteus , a Simple Free-Living Actinobacterium

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Not only do the presence of carotenoid pigments protect the cells against death, but it has now been demonstrated by Prebble and his associates (26,27) that individual enzymes and compounds can be protected in cell-free systems. Carotenoid pigments have continually been demonstrated to be useful in plants and animal systems.…”

Section: Biological Photodamagementioning

confidence: 98%

Carotenoid protection against oxidation

Krinsky¹

1979

Pure and Applied Chemistry

379

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Based on experimental observations made in photosynthetic organisms which lacked colored carotenoid pigments, a hypothesis was developed that these pigments could serve as protective agents against photosensitized oxidations. Over the last 20 years, many workers have confirmed this hypothesis and have extended the observations to non-photosynthetic bacteria, plants and animals. It has also been possible to demoostrate carotenoid protection in in vitro systems. This article reviews the major mechanisms whereby carotenoid pigments protect cells against harmful photosensitized oxidations. The mechanisms include:

show abstract

“…46 In M. luteus a carotenoid associated with membrane lipids (not protein bound) has been found to play a role in the photoprotection of naphthoquinones. 47 Thus, one can estimate that this carotenoid like other pigments plays a role in protection against cell membrane damage induced by free radicals. 48 Moreover, different excision repair pathways, such as DNA glycosylases, are universally present in living organisms; they constitute the main cellular strategies for removing lesions and premutagenic errors from DNA induced by ROS, hydrolytic events, and cellular metabolites and through various forms of radiation and environmental alkylating agents.…”

Section: Cellular Repair Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Fourier transform IR spectroscopic appraisal of radiation damage in Micrococcus luteus

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) is used to analyze cells of Micrococcus luteus, the type species of the highly heterogeneous genus Micrococcus that belongs to the Micrococcaceae family. The cells of M. luteus, which is a Gram-positive and yellow-pigmented bacterium, are submitted to increasing doses of gamma radiation. Irradiation leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species that induce biochemical changes as shown in spectral profiles. Beyond a dose of 0.70 kGy, significant differences between samples are observed, particularly in the 1485-900 cm(-1) region, which contains information about membrane lipids, cell wall polysaccharides, and nucleic acids. After a dose of 16.50 kGy, M. luteus is reincubated for times ranging from 1 to 24 h. Postirradiation reincubated bacteria are found far from the control and irradiated cells (mainly in the 985-900 cm(-1) range), suggesting that a biomolecular rearrangement occurs as soon as reincubation begins in the growth medium. Thus, FTIR spectroscopy appears to be a very useful technique for the rapid visualization of the alterations induced by both the radiation and mutagenic response during reincubation. The use of mathematical methods gives good insight into the biomolecular compounds involved in these two mechanisms. In view of these preliminary results, we hypothesize that it can be successfully applied to any type of tissue and that it may be a future interesting tool for evaluating the effects of radiation in humans.

show abstract

Membrane-bound carotenoid in Micrococcus luteus protects naphthoquinone from photodynamic action

Cited by 36 publications

References 24 publications

Genome Sequence of the Fleming Strain of Micrococcus luteus , a Simple Free-Living Actinobacterium

Genome Sequence of the Fleming Strain of Micrococcus luteus , a Simple Free-Living Actinobacterium

Carotenoid protection against oxidation

Fourier transform IR spectroscopic appraisal of radiation damage in Micrococcus luteus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About