Membrane potential changes of phrenic motoneurons during fictive vomiting, coughing, and swallowing in the decerebrate cat

Grélot, Laurent; Milano, Stéphane; Portillo, Fédérico; Miller, Alan D.; Bianchi, A.L.

doi:10.1152/jn.1992.68.6.2110

Cited by 59 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Some BÖ T/preBÖ T EAUG neurons send their axon to the phrenic motoneurons and to various medullary inspiratory neurons, including the bulbospinal inspiratory neurons, and inhibit them monosynaptically (Merrill and Fedorko, 1984;Ezure, 1990;Jiang and Lipski, 1990;Tian et al, 1999). Phrenic motoneurons are powerfully inhibited during the expiratory phase of coughing (Grélot et al, 1992). It is thus suspected that the EAUG neurons that exhibit continuous bursting activity throughout cough-related expiration function primarily as an inhibitory source of phrenic motoneurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Laryngeal Premotor Neurons: Their Activities during Breathing, Coughing, Sneezing, and Swallowing

Shiba¹,

Nakazawa²,

Ono³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

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To examine whether motor commands of two or more distinct laryngeal motor patterns converge onto a common premotor network, we conducted dual recordings from the laryngeal adductor motoneuron and its premotor neuron within the brainstem respiratory circuitry during fictive breathing, coughing, sneezing, and swallowing in decerebrate paralyzed cats. Expiratory neurons with an augmenting firing pattern (EAUG), whose action potentials evoked monosynaptic IPSPs in the adductor motoneurons, sharply fired during the expulsive phases of fictive coughing and sneezing, during which the adductor motoneurons transiently repolarized. In contrast, these premotor neurons were silent during the swallow-related hyperpolarization in adductor motoneurons. These results show that one class of medullary respiratory neuron, EAUG, is multifunctional and shared among the central pattern generators (CPGs) for breathing, coughing, and sneezing. In addition, although the CPGs underlying these three behaviors and the swallowing CPG do overlap, EAUG neurons are not part of the swallowing CPG and, in contrast to the other three behaviors, are not a source of inhibitory input to adductor motoneurons during swallowing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Laryngeal Premotor Neurons: Their Activities during Breathing, Coughing, Sneezing, and Swallowing

Shiba¹,

Nakazawa²,

Ono³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

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“…There would be a persistent diaphragmatic contraction, producing increasing negative pulmonary pressure, coincident with intermittent relaxations of laryngeal adductor muscles. Because postinspiratory neurons/laryngeal adductors are activated by many reflexes, including Hering Breuer, cough, aspiration, sneezing, and swallowing (9)(10)(11)(12)(28)(29)(30), we propose that these behaviors will also fail if glycine receptor function is affected. The latter may occur because of a point mutation, pharmacological blockade, or hypoxia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trigeminal reflex regulation of the glottis depends on central glycinergic inhibition in the rat

Dutschmann

Paton

2002

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Dutschmann, Mathias, and Julian F. R. Paton. Trigeminal reflex regulation of the glottis depends on central glycinergic inhibition in the rat. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 282: R999-R1005, 2002; 10.1152/ ajpregu.00502.2001.-In an unanesthetized decerebrate in situ arterially perfused brain stem preparation of mature rat, strychnine (0.05-0.2 M) blockade of glycine receptors caused postinspiratory glottal constriction to occur earlier, shifting from early expiration to inspiration. This resulted in a paradoxical inspiratory-related narrowing of the upper airway. Stimulation of the trigeminal ethmoidal nerve (EN5; 20 Hz, 100 s, 0.5-2 V) evoked a diving response, which included a reflex apnea, glottal constriction, and bradycardia. After strychnine administration, this pattern was converted to a maintained phrenic nerve discharge and a reduced glottal constriction that was interrupted intermittently by transient abductions. The onset of firing of postinspiratory neurons shifted from early expiration into neural inspiration in the presence of strychnine, but neurons maintained their tonic activation during EN5 stimulation, as observed during control. Inspiratory neurons that were hyperpolarized by EN5 stimulation in control conditions were powerfully excited after loss of glycinergic inhibition. Thus the integrity of glycinergic inhibition within the pontomedullary respiratory network is critical for the coordination of cranial and spinal motor outflows during eupnea but also for protective reflex regulation of the upper airway.ventral respiratory group; upper airway patency; synaptic inhibition; diving response THE NETWORK MODEL for respiratory rhythm generation comprises three phases of respiration: inspiration, postinspiration, and expiration. During eupnea, there is a respiratory modulation of the upper airway such that the vocal fold is dilated (abducted) to decrease airway resistance during inspiration and constricted (adducted) during early expiration or postinspiration. This postinspiratory glottal constriction is particularly important for slowing expiratory airflow out of the lungs to allow time for efficient gas exchange and to maintain functional residual capacity, thereby preventing lung collapse (for review, see Ref. In the mammal one of the most potent upper airway protective reflexes occurs during diving. Activation of nasotrigeminal afferents evokes a diving response (7, 17) that includes a profound constriction of the glottis (15) to ensure that water cannot enter the bronchi. In the present study, we assessed the role of central glycinergic neurotransmission for the functional integrity of upper airway adduction during the diving response. We show that both the ongoing eupneic modulation of the upper airway and the reflexly evoked glottic closure during a diving response are massively disrupted after blockade of glycinergic neurotransmission. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preparation of animals.Experiments were performed on mature rats (Wistar, 70-100 g) of either sex. We employed the...

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“…Nevertheless, under certain physiological conditions, breathing is susceptible to the influence of other rhythmic motor functions, such as vocalization (Manogue and Paton, 1982), or during swallowing (McFarland and Lund, 1995) and vomiting (Grélot et al, 1992) when respiration actually ceases. Similarly, rhythmic locomotor behavior, which occurs in parallel with respiration, is also able to influence ongoing breathing activity during physical exercise in many species, especially when accelerated displacement occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal and Pontine Relay Pathways Mediating Respiratory Rhythm Entrainment by Limb Proprioceptive Inputs in the Neonatal Rat

et al. 2012

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The coordination of locomotion and respiration is widespread among mammals, although the underlying neural mechanisms are still only partially understood. It was previously found in neonatal rat that cyclic electrical stimulation of spinal cervical and lumbar dorsal roots (DRs) can fully entrain (1:1 coupling) spontaneous respiratory activity expressed by the isolated brainstem/spinal cord. Here, we used a variety of preparations to determine the type of spinal sensory inputs responsible for this respiratory rhythm entrainment, and to establish the extent to which limb movement-activated feedback influences the medullary respiratory networks via direct or relayed ascending pathways. During in vivo overground locomotion, respiratory rhythm slowed and became coupled 1:1 with locomotion. In hindlimb-attached semi-isolated preparations, passive flexion-extension movements applied to a single hindlimb led to entrainment of fictive respiratory rhythmicity recorded in phrenic motoneurons, indicating that the recruitment of limb proprioceptive afferents could participate in the locomotor-respiratory coupling. Furthermore, in correspondence with the regionalization of spinal locomotor rhythmgenerating circuitry, the stimulation of DRs at different segmental levels in isolated preparations revealed that cervical and lumbosacral proprioceptive inputs are more effective in this entraining influence than thoracic afferent pathways. Finally, blocking spinal synaptic transmission and using a combination of electrophysiology, calcium imaging and specific brainstem lesioning indicated that the ascending entraining signals from the cervical or lumbar limb afferents are transmitted across first-order synapses, probably monosynaptic, in the spinal cord. They are then conveyed to the brainstem respiratory centers via a brainstem pontine relay located in the parabrachial/ Kölliker-Fuse nuclear complex.

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Membrane potential changes of phrenic motoneurons during fictive vomiting, coughing, and swallowing in the decerebrate cat

Cited by 59 publications

References 0 publications

Multifunctional Laryngeal Premotor Neurons: Their Activities during Breathing, Coughing, Sneezing, and Swallowing

Multifunctional Laryngeal Premotor Neurons: Their Activities during Breathing, Coughing, Sneezing, and Swallowing

Trigeminal reflex regulation of the glottis depends on central glycinergic inhibition in the rat

Spinal and Pontine Relay Pathways Mediating Respiratory Rhythm Entrainment by Limb Proprioceptive Inputs in the Neonatal Rat

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