“…However, frogs injected with hCG display robust production of androgens rather than P4; suggesting the possibility that androgens are the physiological MIS in Xenopus (Hammes, 2004; Lutz et al, 2001). P4 triggers oocyte maturation either by nuclear progesterone receptor (XPR) bound to the membrane (Bayaa et al, 2000) or by novel G‐protein coupled progestin receptors (mPR; Josefsberg Ben‐Yehoshua et al, 2007; Nader et al, 2020), while androgens function through the classical androgen receptors that are localized throughout oocytes, including within the plasma membrane (Lutz et al, 2003). Both P4 and androgens lower cAMP levels, downregulate PKA activity, and promote new protein synthesis, such as cyclins (B1, B2, B4, and B5), Ringo/Speedy—the non‐canonical activators of CDK1, and Mos—activator of MEK/ERK pathway (Eyers et al, 2005; Ferby et al, 1999; Ferrell, 1999; Haccard & Jessus, 2006b; Hammes, 2004; Meneau et al, 2020; Sadler & Maller, 1981; Wang & Liu, 2004).…”