Membrane ultrafiltration of a nonionic surfactant and inorganic salts from complex aqueous suspensions: Design for water reuse

Abstract

Complex aqueous suspensions containing a nonionic surfactant, phosphates, silicate, hypochlorite, oil, and kaolinite particulates are subjected to continuous flow membrane ultrafiltration with noncellulosic membranes. The ultrafiltrate water flux and the rejections by the Millipore PSAL membrane of total organic carbon, surfactant, and total phosphate are related by stepwise, multiple linear regression analysis (logarithmic model) to transmembrane pressure difference, thin channel velocity, membrane resistance, and feed solution concentration. The variables are adjusted to eliminate gel polarization and to minimize concentration polarization.The data are extended, by the development and use of a computer simulation scale‐up procedure, to a 1 000 cm3/s (23 000 gal/day) laundry waste treatment and water recovery unit. The procedure considers banks of modules in series, banks in parallel, and a parallel‐series‐tapered arrangement. Membrane area requirements per unit ultrafiltrate water flux and solute rejections are predicted for water recoveries up to 95% of the inlet flow rate.

Ultrafiltration Characteristics of Oil-Detergent-Water Systems: Membrane Fouling Mechanisms

“…This process produces a dilute ultrafiltrate (permeate) stream and a concentrate stream only 5 to 10% of the raw feed stream. Depending on the type of waste (size of organic molecules) and the nature of the membrane (polymer type and pore size), the ultrafiltrate stream can meet water quality guidelines for direct discharge (I, 2) and/or water reuse (3,4). However, performance limitations (flux drop) may be encountered during ultrafiltration due to the high-flux characteristics of the membranes, which result in the rapid convection of retained solutes to the membrane surface and the well-documented phenomenon of concentration polarization or gel formation (membrane fouling).…”

Removal of Lead (Ii) From Synthetic Solution by Adsorption Onto Coal Mining Waste Material

“…The effects of temperature on Lead removal were investigated at a varying range of temperatures (25,30, and 50°C) for five hours. Temperatures were adjusted using a temperature controlled orbital shaker.…”

Coal gasification process wastewater reusability: Separation of organics by membranes

“…Based on these results, the rejection of other suspected carcinogenic compounds, such as anthracene (solubility 0.07 mgliter), phen a n t h r e n e (solubility 1.3 mg/liter), a n d biphenyl (solubility 7 mglliter), will be greater than 95%. Based on the above procedure [24], it can be computed that the approximate removals at " r = 0.9" of gasification wastewater components (after H2S, NH,, and phenol stripping) would be: phenol = 88.1%; cresol, dimethylphenol, resorcinol, naphthol, a n d catechol = 90.3%-92.6%; naphthalene and anthracene = 94-96%; and The removals of ammonia and nitrate (present in gasification waters) are expected to be 97.3-99% (6) with thin-film composite membranes. For low-pressure membranes, the removals (at r = 0.9) of phenolics would be 10-15% lower and salt removals would still be 90%-91%.…”