Membraneless Dialysis – Is It Possible?

Leonard, Edward F.; Cortell, Stanley; Vitale, N.

doi:10.1159/000085696

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…113,114 The key component of the device is a fluid ‘sheath’ layer that comes into concurrent contact with blood. Solutes in the blood diffuse into the sheath layer, which then resembles blood plasma.…”

Section: Mems In Nephrologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microelectromechanical Systems and Nephrology: The Next Frontier in Renal Replacement Technology

Kim

Roy

2013

Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease

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Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is playing a prominent role in the development of many new and innovative biomedical devices, but remains a relatively underutilized technology in nephrology. The future landscape of clinical medicine and research will only see further expansion of MEMS based technologies in device designs and applications. The enthusiasm stems from the ability to create small-scale device features with high precision in a cost effective manner. MEMS also offers the possibility to integrate multiple components into a single device. The adoption of MEMS has the potential to revolutionize how nephrologists manage kidney disease by improving the delivery of renal replacement therapies and enhancing the monitoring of physiologic parameters. To introduce nephrologists to MEMS, this review will first define relevant terms and describe the basic processes used to fabricate MEMS devices. Next, a survey of MEMS devices being developed for various biomedical applications will be illustrated with current examples. Finally, MEMS technology specific to nephrology will be highlighted and future applications will be examined. The adoption of MEMS offers novel avenues to improve the care of kidney disease patients and assist nephrologists in clinical practice. This review will serve as an introduction for nephrologists to the exciting world of MEMS.

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Section: Mems In Nephrologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microelectromechanical Systems and Nephrology: The Next Frontier in Renal Replacement Technology

Kim

Roy

2013

Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease

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“…Microfabrication technique was used to create a controlled laminar flow to enable membrane-less dialysis. 39 Leclerc and co-workers 57 has developed a microscale renal chip to simulate the mass transport in the kidney by reproducing the glomerular apical and basolateral sides (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Microscale Biomimetic Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microtechnology for Mimicking In Vivo Tissue Environment

Sung

Shuler

2012

Ann Biomed Eng

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Microtechnology provides a new approach for reproducing the in vivo environment in vitro. Mimicking the microenvironment of the natural tissues allows cultured cells to behave in a more authentic manner, and gives researchers more realistic platforms to study biological systems. In this review article, we discuss the physiochemical aspects of in vivo cellular microenvironment, and relevant technologies that can be used to mimic those aspects. Secondly we identify the core methods used in microtechnology for biomedical applications. Finally we examine the recent application areas of microtechnology, with a focus on reproducing the functions of specific organs, or whole-body response such as homeostasis or metabolism-dependent toxicity of drugs. These new technologies enable researchers to ask and answer questions in a manner that has not been possible with conventional, macroscale technologies.

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“…Leonard and colleagues (11)(12)(13) proposed membraneless dialysis by application of the principles of microfluidics. This approach is based on the principle that at low Reynolds number, two miscible liquids can flow in parallel in direct contact with each other without significant mixing.…”

Section: Silicone Nanopore Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technological Advances in Renal Replacement Therapy

Rastogi

Nissenson²

2009

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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The worldwide epidemic of chronic kidney disease shows no signs of abating in the near future. Current dialysis forms of renal replacement therapy (RRT), even though successful in sustaining life and improving quality of life somewhat for patients with ESRD, have many limitations that result in still unacceptably high morbidity and mortality. Transplantation is an excellent option but is limited by the scarcity of organs. An ideal form of RRT would mimic the functions of natural kidneys and be transparent to the patient, as well as affordable to society. Recent advances in technology, although generally in early stages of development, might achieve these goals. The application of nanotechnology, microfluidics, bioreactors with kidney cells, and miniaturized sorbent systems to regenerate dialysate makes clinical reality seem closer than ever before. Finally, stem cells hold much promise, both for kidney disease and as a source of tissues and organs. In summary, nephrology is at an exciting crossroad with the application of innovative and novel technologies to RRT that hold considerable promise for the near future.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 4: S132-S136, 2009. doi: 10.2215/CJN.02860409 T he ongoing worldwide epidemic of chronic kidney disease (CKD) includes ESRD. According to recent US Renal Data System estimates, more than 900,000 patients worldwide have ESRD and are on renal replacement therapy (RRT) (1). The majority of these patients are on intermittent, diffusion-based hemodialysis (HD), with only a relatively small fraction able to receive kidney transplants because of the scarcity of available donor organs.Even though dialysis is touted as the only currently available successful therapy that replaces the functions of an organ ex vivo, it has several limitations. The advent of clinical dialysis in the 1950s has had a huge impact on the way in which ESRD and acute kidney failure are managed, but several decades later, the morbidity and mortality in patients with ESRD remain unacceptably high (1). One possible reason is that the equivalent clearance provided by three-times-a-week conventional HD or typical continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (PD) is barely 15 to 20 ml/min, and the treatment by any criterion is unphysiologic (2). At the same time, the quality of life of patients who are on dialysis has remained suboptimal, and the cost of these procedures has remained high.Several attempts have been made to prove intramuscularly the efficiency of dialysis and outcomes in patients. In HD, these attempts include more biocompatible membranes, high-flux and high-efficiency membranes, more frequent and longer duration of dialysis, use of convective forms of therapy, and use of more user-friendly delivery systems. In PD, introduction of automated cyclers has improved convenience of the technique for some patients, increased the practical volume of dialysate, and, therefore, increased solute clearance and ultrafiltration capacity; however, none of these advances has had a substantial impact on patient outcomes.An ide...

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Membraneless Dialysis – Is It Possible?

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Microelectromechanical Systems and Nephrology: The Next Frontier in Renal Replacement Technology

Microelectromechanical Systems and Nephrology: The Next Frontier in Renal Replacement Technology

Microtechnology for Mimicking In Vivo Tissue Environment

Technological Advances in Renal Replacement Therapy

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