Membranes and modules for transmembrane distillation

Schneider, K.J.; Holz, Wilhelm; Wollbeck, R.; Ripperger, Siegfried

doi:10.1016/s0376-7388(00)80992-8

Cited by 224 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Even concentrations of less than 50 g/L HCl can lead to significant reaction with the stainless steel elements [26]. Therefore, Gryta recommends using acid resistant highgrade steel or plastic as materials for MD systems [26,81]. However, it is important to note that Gryta used very acidic conditions to clean the module, 18% and 36% HCl, which are relatively high compared to 3% or 5% HCl used in other experiments [26].…”

Section: Particulate and Colloidal Fouling In MDmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling and fouling in membrane distillation for desalination applications: A review

et al. 2015

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Section: Particulate and Colloidal Fouling In MDmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling and fouling in membrane distillation for desalination applications: A review

et al. 2015

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“…In order to assess flux stability the three types of membrane were compared in long-term tests. 18 Fig . 5 illustrates the flux and permeate conductivity of the three membranes over a long period of operation (200 to >600 hours).…”

Section: Flux Assessment Of Unmodified and Modified Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in industrial applications, which require a large membrane surface area per unit volume without supporting structure, hollow fiber-based membrane modules are considered more favorably. Additionally, as a thermally driven process, MD can be significantly affected by the temperature polarization if the hydrodynamic conditions deteriorate [18][19][20]. It has been shown that the hollow fiber module could potentially have the least temperature polarization among various module configurations [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance improvement of PVDF hollow fiber-based membrane distillation process

Yang

Wang

Shi

et al. 2011

Journal of Membrane Science

231

144

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The performance of membrane distillation depends on both membrane and module characteristics. This paper describes strategies to improve the performance of hollow fiber membrane modules used in Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (DCMD).Three different types of hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane (unmodified, plasma modified and chemically modified) were used in this study of Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (DCMD). Compared to the unmodified PVDF hollow fiber membrane, both modified membranes showed greater hydrophobicity and mechanical strength, smaller maximum pore sizes and narrower pore size distributions, leading to more sustainable fluxes and higher water quality (distillate conductiviy < 1µs·cm -1 ) over a one month test using synthetic seawater (3.5 wt% sodium chloride solutions).Comparing the plasma and chemical modification the latter has marginally better performance and provides potentially more homogeneous modification.MD modules based on shell and tube configuration were tested to identify the effects of shell and lumen side flow rates, fiber length and packing density. The MD flux increased to an asymptotic value when shell-side Re f was larger than 2500, while the permeate/lumen side reached an asymptotic value at much lower Re p (>300). By comparing the performance of small and larger modules, it was found that it is important to utilize a higher shell-side Re in the operation to maintain a better mixing near the membrane surface in a larger module.Single fiber tests in combination with heat transfer analysis, verified that a critical fiber 3 length existed that is the required length to assure sufficient driving force along the fiber to maintain adequate MD performance. In addition, for multi-fiber modules the overall MD coefficient decreased with increasing packing density, possibly due to flow maldistribution.This study shows that more hydrophobic membranes with a small maximum pore size and higher liquid entry pressure are attainable and favorable for MD applications. In order to enhance MD performance various factors need to be considered to optimize fluid dynamics and module configurations, such as fiber length, packing density and the effect of module diameter and flow rates.

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“…Apart from the hydrophobic character of the membrane material, also the liquid surface tension, pores diameter and the hydraulic pressure decide about the possibility of the liquid penetration into the pores. This relation is described by the Laplace -Young (Kelvin law) equation (Schneider et al, 1988):…”

Section: Membranes and Modulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Desalination by Membrane Distillation

Gryta¹

2011

Desalination, Trends and Technologies

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Membranes and modules for transmembrane distillation

Cited by 224 publications

References 7 publications

Scaling and fouling in membrane distillation for desalination applications: A review

Scaling and fouling in membrane distillation for desalination applications: A review

Performance improvement of PVDF hollow fiber-based membrane distillation process

Water Desalination by Membrane Distillation

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