¡Memo, te vienen a ver! El proceso de investigación como protocolo de visita en la cultura mapuche

Abstract

En este trabajo se analiza la interacción de los niños mapuche con las investigadoras en el contexto natural de sus hogares. Específicamente, se describe la agenda protocolar de visitas que la familia mapuche utiliza en su relación con personas ajenas, y se da cuenta del rol que asumen los niños como anfitriones de las investigadoras. Participaron en este estudio tres familias de comunidades mapuche de la comuna de Galvarino, Chile, cuyos hijos asistían a una escuela rural de la zona. Se utilizó un diseño etnográfico para realizar un conjunto de observaciones sistemáticas durante las visitas a los hogares de los niños. Los resultados mostraron que las familias mapuche definen su relación con las investigadoras de acuerdo con el protocolo cultural de visitas. Los pasajes etnográficos dan cuenta de roles, interacciones y tareas que asumen en su condición de anfitriones. El protagonismo y la agencia de los niños mapuche en su relación con las investigadoras es consistente con el modelo educativo mapuche que concibe al niño como persona, che. Se discute el dominio del protocolo de visitas por parte de los niños mapuche como una forma de resistencia cultural.

Teaching of Educational Content Expressing Mapuche Values to Children in Initial Education in La Araucanía Region, Chile

“…Thus, they learn about their culture and values through profound observation [18]. Some of the more important cultural patterns are spontaneous cooperation to achieve common objects as well as the motivation and initiative to participate in community activities [33].…”

“…Thus the object of family education is to bring up children to match the ideal of an educated Mapuche person (che); this requires bringing up both boys and girls on an equal footing, based on four objects of education. While it has been observed that differences exist between the roles performed by boys and girls [18,33] and that the value of respect when applied to Mapuche girls transcends the human and embraces the natural world of non-human living beings [17], no gender-based differences are observed when it comes to value content in their upbringing. The four objects are as follows:…”

“…The interviews followed the Mapuche oral tradition nütram (conversation). In the case of the kimches (sages), the interview followed Mapuche formalities, such as (a) pentukuwün, discourse, and sociocultural practice incorporating formal greetings between people [6,28]; and (b) witrankontuwün, the action of paying a visit, which includes rules for verbal and behavioral interaction between hosts and visitors [33]. The instrument was a scripted semi-structured interview, developed by the authors.…”

Collective and collaborative actions among peers in school as a form of cultural resistance of Mapuche children in La Araucanía, Chile

“…In the context of cultural resistance, children are considered a sociopolitical project for the Mapuche people, through which the culture endures so, they are called weichafe, which means warriors, because they are learning to defend their Mapuche culture in several ways (Alarcón et al, 2018(Alarcón et al, , 2021. In the school children express their culture despite the norms and prohibitions of the educational system; thus, they develop particular forms of participation and learning in contexts other than those from their own culture (Alonqueo et al, 2020).…”