Memory accessibility and association of alcohol use and its positive outcomes.

Stacy, Alan W.; Leigh, Barbara C.; Weingardt, Kenneth R.

doi:10.1037/1064-1297.2.3.269

Cited by 163 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Echoing theories of implicit social cognition (e.g., Greenwald and Banaji, 1995), an assumption of the present study is that the connections between social interactions and drinking may result in associations in memory between alcohol and social interaction; that is, associations about alcohol may be automatically activated by being in or thinking about certain social contexts. Preliminary evidence suggests this activation occurs in situations where alcohol is present (e.g., Stacy et al, 1994), and it may also occur in contexts without alcohol. Dating contexts are among those social contexts in which automatic alcoholrelated associations might be likely to be activated because of the strong links among alcohol and romance and sex (e.g., Crowe and George, 1989;George and Stoner, 2000).…”

Section: Alcohol and Social Interaction/datingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initial research with explicit measures of alcohol-related associations suggests that positive outcome expectancies are activated in alcohol-related contexts (Wall et al, 2000(Wall et al, , 2001, but only one study has been conducted with an implicit measure (Stacy et al, 1994). Stacy et al (1994) found that, compared with participants who read a vignette in which alcohol was absent, participants who read a vignette in which alcohol was present were more likely to endorse alcohol-related behaviors in an outcome association task (i.e., writing the fi rst behavior that comes to mind after seeing an outcome prime, such as "feeling more relaxed"). Additional research is necessary to understand the role of context in automatic alcohol associations, especially environments in which alcohol is present or likely to be present.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Automatic Alcohol Associations: Gender Differences and the Malleability of Alcohol Associations Following Exposure to a Dating Scenario

Lindgren¹,

Neighbors²,

Ostafin³

et al. 2009

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: Little research has examined contextual infl uences on implicit measures of alcohol-related cognitions. The current study investigated whether contexts involving alcohol or social dating would affect automatic alcohol approach-avoid associations. Method: Undergraduates (n = 112 women, 109 men) completed an Implicit Association Test (IAT) that measured alcohol approach-avoid associations before and after reading a vignette about a date that differed on two dimensions: (1) whether alcohol was present or absent and (2) whether the date ended in attraction or friendship. Results: When the vignette included an alcohol context, alcohol IAT scores increased from baseline (e.g., increased alcohol and approach associations). In a nonalcohol context, alcohol IAT scores increased from baseline when the date was not successful but not when it was successful. Conclusions: These results contribute to social cognitive science by indicating not only that social contexts with alcohol can infl uence automatic alcohol associations but also that social contexts without alcohol can infl uence automatic alcohol associations. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs 70: [583][584][585][586][587][588][589][590][591][592] 2009)

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Section: Alcohol and Social Interaction/datingmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Alcohol Associations: Gender Differences and the Malleability of Alcohol Associations Following Exposure to a Dating Scenario

Lindgren¹,

Neighbors²,

Ostafin³

et al. 2009

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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“…In basic social psychology, intentions are thought to mediate the relation between attitude and behavior (Ajzen & Fish-bein, 1980). In cognitive psychology, attentional processes are thought to intervene between stimulus and behavior (Stacy, Leigh, & Weingardt, 1994). In industrial psychology, work environment leads to changes in the intervening variable of job perception, which in turn affects behavioral outcomes (James & Brett, 1984 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects.

MacKinnon¹,

Lockwood²,

Hoffman³

et al. 2002

Psychological Methods

7,920

6,631

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A Monte Carlo study compared 14 methods to test the statistical significance of the intervening variable effect. An intervening variable (mediator) transmits the effect of an independent variable to a dependent variable. The commonly used R. M. Baron and D. A. Kenny (1986) approach has low statistical power. Two methods based on the distribution of the product and 2 difference-incoefficients methods have the most accurate Type I error rates and greatest statistical power except in 1 important case in which Type I error rates are too high. The best balance of Type I error and statistical power across all cases is the test of the joint significance of the two effects comprising the intervening variable effect.The purpose of this article is to compare statistical methods used to test a model in which an independent variable (X) causes an intervening variable (I), which in turn causes the dependent variable (Y). Many different disciplines use such models, with the terminology, assumptions, and statistical tests only partially overlapping among them. In psychology, the X → I → Y relation is often termed mediation (Baron & Kenny, 1986), sociology originally popularized the term indirect effect (Alwin & Hauser, 1975), and in epidemiology, it is termed the surrogate or intermediate endpoint effect (Freedman & Schatzkin, 1992). This article focuses on the statistical performance of each of the available tests of the effect of an intervening variable. Consideration of conceptual issues related to the definition of intervening variable effects is deferred to the final section of the Discussion.Hypotheses articulating measurable processes that intervene between the independent and dependent variables have long been proposed in psychology (e.g., MacCorquodale & Meehl, 1948;Woodworth, 1928). Such hypotheses are fundamental to theory in many areas of basic and applied psychology (Baron & Kenny, 1986;James & Brett, 1984). Reflecting this importance, a search of the Social Science Citation Index turned up more than 2,000 citations of the Baron and Kenny article that presented an important statistical approach to the investigation of these processes. Examples of hypotheses and models that involve intervening variables abound. In basic social psychology, intentions are thought to mediate the relation between attitude and behavior (Ajzen & Fish-bein, 1980). In cognitive psychology, attentional processes are thought to intervene between stimulus and behavior (Stacy, Leigh, & Weingardt, 1994). In industrial psychology, work environment leads to changes in the intervening variable of job perception, which in turn affects behavioral outcomes (James & Brett, 1984 NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript work on preventive health interventions, programs are designed to change proximal variables, which in turn are expected to have beneficial effects on the distal health outcomes of interest (Hansen, 1992; MacKinnon, 1994;West & Aiken, 1997).A search of psychological abstracts from 1996 to 1999 yi...

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“…Many of the analyzed articles evaluated the validity of the methods of IAC assessment and found that: the IAT, the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (EAST;De Houwer, 2003), the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP; Payne, Cheng, Govorun & Stewart, 2005), the Affective Priming Paradigm (APP; Fazio et al, 1986), and the Word Association Test (Stacy, Leigh & Weingardt, 1994) were valid methods to assess IAC (Gray, LaPlante, Bannon, Ambady & Shaffer, 2011;Houben, Rothermund & Wiers, 2009;Lindgren, Westgate, Kilmer, Kaysen & Teachman, 2012;Lindgren, Hendershot, Neighbors, Blayney & Otto, 2011;Ostafin & Palfai, 2006;Payne, Govorun & Arbuckle, 2008).…”

Section: Topic 1: Methods Of Iac Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tendencias en el estudio de la cognición implícita relacionada con el alcohol

Biscarra¹,

Conde²,

Cremonte³

2017

PSICO

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According to the dual process model, the interaction between explicit (controlled) and implicit (automatic) cognitions would allow the understanding of irrational actions like addictive behaviors. This model has gained great popularity among addiction researchers, leading to an exponential growth in publications on implicit alcohol related cognition (IAC). Hence, the goal of this article is to identify trends in the study of IAC by means of a bibliometric and content analysis of the empirical studies published up to May, 2013. Throughout this paper, the studied topics of IAC were characterized, the most prolific countries, authors and journals were recognized, the most cited publications were detected and the most employed methods were identified. Key words: implicit cognition, alcohol, review article, bibliometric analysis, content analysis.Tendencias en el estudio de la cognición implícita relacionada con el alcohol De acuerdo al modelo del doble procesamiento, la interacción entre cogniciones explícitas (controladas) e implícitas (automáticas) permitiría entender acciones irracionales, tales como los comportamientos adictivos. Este modelo ha ganado mucha popularidad entre quienes investigan el consumo de sustancias, produciéndose un crecimiento exponencial de las publicaciones sobre Cogniciones Implícitas hacia el Alcohol (CIA). Por ello, el objetivo de este artículo es describir las tendencias en el estudio de la CIA mediante un análisis bibliométrico y de contenido de los estudios empíricos publicados hasta mayo del 2013. A lo largo de este trabajo se caracterizan las temáticas de las CIA encontradas y se identifican los países, autores y revistas más productivas, las publicaciones más citadas y los métodos más utilizados. Palabras clave: cognición implícita, alcohol, artículo de revisión, análisis bibliométrico, análisis de contenido. Tendências no estudo da cognição implícita relacionada com o álcoolDe acordo com o modelo de processamento dual, a interação entre cognições explícitas (controladas) e implícitas (automáticas) audaría as ações irracionais, tais como os comportamentos aditivos. Este modelo ganhou muita popularidade entre os pesquisadores do consumo de substâncias, produzindo um crescimento exponencial de as publicações sobre cognições implícitas relacionadas com o álcool (CIA). Portanto, o objetivo deste artigo é descrever as tendências no estudo da CIA através de um análise bibliométrico e de conteúdo de estudos empíricos publicados até maio de 2013. Ao longo deste artigo são caracterizados os temas da CIA encontrados e são identificados países, autores e revistas mais produtivos, as publicações mais citadas e os métodos mais utilizados. Palavras-chave: cognição implícita, álcool, artigo de revisão, análise bibliométrico, análise de conteúdo. 703Trends in the study of implicit alcohol related cognition / Biscarra, Conde, Carcelén Traditionally, substance use decision-making has been explained by approaches that emphasize the rationality of the person and consider that individuals evaluate th...

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Memory accessibility and association of alcohol use and its positive outcomes.

Cited by 163 publications

References 38 publications

Automatic Alcohol Associations: Gender Differences and the Malleability of Alcohol Associations Following Exposure to a Dating Scenario

Automatic Alcohol Associations: Gender Differences and the Malleability of Alcohol Associations Following Exposure to a Dating Scenario

A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects.

Tendencias en el estudio de la cognición implícita relacionada con el alcohol

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