Memory, Remembering, and Amnesia

Meyer, Patricia M.; Meyer, Donald R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-7890-7_6

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…No deficit appeared. We tried doubling the lesion size to see if we Meyer, 1982). It is also consistent with the electrophysiological evidence that single cells within IT fire differentially in response to manipulations of the physical nature of the stimulus, such as outline shape, size, orientation, color, or surface texture, but not to variables relating to the learning task itself (Rolls, Judge, & Sanghera, 1977).…”

Section: Trial Blocksmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…This interpretation is consistent with observations on single-cell recording in IT: units in IT are sensitive to stimuli with complex shapes and textures, such as hands, faces, or variations in contour (Bruce et al, 1981;Leonard et al, 1983); their discharge rate varies with manipulations in the parameters of the stimuli, but not with manipulations in the parameters of the task (Rolls et al, 1977). The importance of the stimulus configuration and difficulties in attending to specific features of the stimulus by animals with IT lesions has been emphasized by Butter et al (1965), Butter and Hirzel (1970), D. R. Meyer (1972), and P. M. Meyer and D. R. Meyer (1982). It will take a large number of observations, using different lesion placements with different kinds of stimuli, to determine whether this proposal is correct, but at this point it appears to be at least as likely as the suggestion that anterior temporal cortex is uniquely involved in learning and posterior temporal cortex is uniquely involved in perception.…”

Section: Trial Blocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cold lesions in inferotemporal cortex produce reversible deficits in learning and retention of visual discriminations

Horel

1984

Psychobiology

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Cooling devices were implanted bilaterally at four points along the inferotemporal (IT) cortex in three monkeys. Cooling any of the three anterior pairs disrupted performance on a visual memory task (delayed match-to-sample) uniformly over delays of 0, 15, 30, and 45 sec. Cooling the most posterior cryode had no effect. Cooling any of the cryodes had no effect on retention of a discrimination between horizontal and vertical stripes. With a focus at the second cryode from anterior, there was significant impairment on learning an object discrimination. With the same focus, a deficit was also found in retention of multiple object discriminations, but there was no deficit in retention of multiple black-white patterns. The anterior two cryodes were then interconnected, as were the posterior two cryodes, so that the anterior or posterior half of IT could be cooled. The animals were tested on retention of a mix of black-white patterns and objects. There were greater deficits on objects anteriorly and patterns posteriorly, but this was marginally below statistically acceptable levels. The four pairs of probes were each cooled separately during tests of retention of discrimination of monkey faces. A depression of scores was produced by all four cryodes, but more at the third from anterior. We suggest that IT is differentiated in the way it processes stimuli, not in the localization of such processes as attention, perception, and learning.In a previous experiment Horel and Pytko (1982) used a cooling device to explore the temporal lobe with small reversible lesions. The behavioral measure was a trialunique delayed match-to-sample (DMS) (Mishkin & Delacour, 1975;Overman & Doty, 1980). One temporal lobe was removed, and the cooling probe was moved from place to place in and around the remaining temporal lobe. The only place where a deficit could be consistently produced with this method was in the anterior 9 mm of the temporal lobe. Subsequently, Horel, Voytko, and Salsbury (1984) permanently implanted two cooling devices bilaterally over the cortex in this area in three monkeys. When only one or the other of these two pairs of cryodes was cooled, a deficit was produced at all delays (0, 15, 30, and 45 sec), but it was worse, approaching chance, at the longest delays. But when both pair of cryodes were cooled, suppressing the function of the entire area that had been identified in the previous experiment (Horel & Pytko, 1982), performance dropped to chance at all delays and remained poor even with a simultaneous matchto-sample in which all stimuli were present and the animal had to compare them across only the three windows to This work was supported by NINCDS Grant NS 1829-02. The author wishes to thank Dorothy Joiner for training the animals, Kent Salsbury for constructing the cryodes, Timothy Horel for the equation used in Figure 6, Mary Voytko for critical reading of the manuscript, and Penny Coo for typing the manuscript.The author's mailing address is: Department of Anatomy, State University of New York, Upstate Medic...

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Section: Trial Blocksmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Trial Blocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold lesions in inferotemporal cortex produce reversible deficits in learning and retention of visual discriminations

Horel

1984

Psychobiology

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“…Therefore, we prefer the more specific and descriptive term RFD as a modern revision of part of the concept of diaschisis. Although von Monakow's theory of diaschisis has been supported (Kempinsky, 1958;cf Meyer, 1982), refuted (West, Deadwyler, Cotman, & Lynch, 1976), and debated (Markowitsch & Pritzel, 1978;West, 1.97S), modern techniques are beginning to supply data that will allow us to firmly anchor the concept of diaschisis and escape the circularity of definition. There is now ample evidence that a RFD of CA occurs after cortical injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The locus coeruleus and cerebral metabolism: Recovery of function after cortical injury

et al. 1985

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Cerebral metabolic effects of locus coeruleus (LC) lesion or drugs affecting LC were investigated after unilateral injury of sensorimotor cortex in rats. Sensoriomotor cortex ablation produced a widespread depression of cerebral 14C-2-deoxyglucose utilization which was reversed by amphetamine (AMP, 2 mg/kg) and worsened by haloperidol (HAL, 0.4 mg/kg). Lesion of LC alone did not affect cerebral oxidative metabolism, measured by a stain for the enzyme alphaglycerophosphate dehydrogenase (a-GPDH). Lesion of LC prior to undercut laceration of motor cortex shortened time to onset of a-GPDH cortical paling. Treatment with AMP (2 mg/kg) blocked cortical paling ofthe enzyme stain at 4 days postinjury, an effect prevented by concomitant HAL (0.3 or 0.6 mg/kg). Apomorphine (1 mg/kg) did not block cortical paling. These data parallel effects of these drugs on recovery of function. The results suggest that a metabolic "remote functional depression" (RFD) is alleviated by catecholamine activation after cortical injury, whereas onset of RFD is accelerated by LC lesions and exacerbated by catecholamine blockade.The locus coeruleus (LC) may have an important role in neuronal development and plasticity (Felton, Hallman,

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“…Current theories of the physiology of memory suggest that the total brain is involved in the storage of a memory. This conclusion results from a considerable body of research which generally shows that the effects of prior experience can never be completely eradicated (Lashley, 1929), (Meyer, 1982). A recent study by McCormic, et al (1982) is an exception to this rule.…”

Section: The Memory Functionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Overt and Silent Study on Recall of Visual Information by Head-Injured Patients

Arnett

Corrigan

1986

Psychol Rep

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A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to examine the immediate recall of traumatic head-injured and hospitalized controls under two conditions of study. Subjects recalled details from pictures that were either examined silently (silent study) or by naming details aloud (overt rehearsal). Analysis showed a significant interaction for type of study by type of subject, with head-injured subjects recalling more details using overt rehearsal while hospitalized controls recalled more using silent study. A main effect showing greater immediate recall for control subjects was also present. Results are discussed with regard to compensatory strategies for memory enhancement of brain-injured individuals.

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Memory, Remembering, and Amnesia

Cited by 16 publications

References 80 publications

Cold lesions in inferotemporal cortex produce reversible deficits in learning and retention of visual discriminations

Cold lesions in inferotemporal cortex produce reversible deficits in learning and retention of visual discriminations

The locus coeruleus and cerebral metabolism: Recovery of function after cortical injury

Effects of Overt and Silent Study on Recall of Visual Information by Head-Injured Patients

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