MEMS‐based high‐impedance surfaces for millimeter and submillimeter wave applications

Chicherin, Dmitry; Dudorov, Sergey; Lioubtchenko, Dmitri; Ovchinnikov, Victor; Tretyakov, Sergei; Räisänen, Antti V.

doi:10.1002/mop.21997

Cited by 33 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Possible applications for these arrays include artificial dielectrics [1], antenna radomes [2], other applications typical for frequency selective surfaces [3], and artificial high-impedance surfaces [4]- [8], where such arrays are located on a metal-backed dielectric layer (which may be perforated with metal vias). Furthermore, possible applications for artificial impedance surfaces expand the list to phase shifters [9], [10], TEM waveguides [11], planar reflect-arrays [12], absorbers [13]- [16], and artificial magnetic conductors (engineered antenna ground planes) [17]. Capacitive strips and square patches have been studied extensively in the literature (e.g., [18]- [20]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple and Accurate Analytical Model of Planar Grids and High-Impedance Surfaces Comprising Metal Strips or Patches

Luukkonen¹,

Simovski²,

Granet

et al. 2008

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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753

492

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This paper introduces simple analytical formulas for the grid impedance of electrically dense arrays of square patches and for the surface impedance of high-impedance surfaces based on the dense arrays of metal strips or square patches over ground planes. Emphasis is on the oblique-incidence excitation. The approach is based on the known analytical models for strip grids combined with the approximate Babinet principle for planar grids located at a dielectric interface. Analytical expressions for the surface impedance and reflection coefficient resulting from our analysis are thoroughly verified by full-wave simulations and compared with available data in open literature for particular cases. The results can be used in the design of various antennas and microwave or millimeter wave devices which use artificial impedance surfaces and artificial magnetic conductors (reflect-array antennas, tunable phase shifters, etc.), as well as for the derivation of accurate higher-order impedance boundary conditions for artificial (high-) impedance surfaces. As an example, the propagation properties of surface waves along the high-impedance surfaces are studied. I. INTRODUCTIONIn this paper we consider planar periodic arrays of infinitely long metal strips and periodic arrays of square patches, as well as artificial high-impedance surfaces based on such grids. [17]. Capacitive strips and square patches have been studied extensively in the literature (e.g., [18]-[20]). However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, there is no known easily applicable analytical model capable of predicting the plane-wave response of these artificial surfaces for large angles of incidence with good accuracy.Models of planar arrays of metal elements excited by plane waves can be roughly split into two categories: computational and analytical methods. Computational methods as a rule are based on the Floquet expansion of the scattered field (see, e.g., [2], [3], [21], [22]). These methods are electromagnetically strict and general (i.e., not restricted to a particular design geometry). Periodicity of the total field in tangential directions allows one to consider the incidence of a plane wave on a planar grid or on a high-impedance surface as a single unit cell problem. The field in the unit cell of the structure can be solved using,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple and Accurate Analytical Model of Planar Grids and High-Impedance Surfaces Comprising Metal Strips or Patches

Luukkonen¹,

Simovski²,

Granet

et al. 2008

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

Self Cite

753

492

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“…SUMMARY Overview of recent research activities of MilliLab and SMARAD at TKK Helsinki University of Technology at mmand submm-wavelengths is presented. These include MEMStunable high-impedance surfaces ( Figure 1) [1], passive [2] and active dielectric rod waveguide components (Figure 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work has been supported by the Academy of Finland through the Centre-of-Excellence program.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mm- and submm-wave research activities at MilliLab and SMARAD

Räisänen¹,

Ala‐Laurinaho²,

Chicherin³

et al. 2008

2008 Global Symposium on Millimeter Waves

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Overview of recent research activities of MilliLab and SMARAD at mm-and submm-wavelengths is presented. These activities include MEMS-tunable high-impedance surfaces, passive and active dielectric rod waveguide components, indirect holographic imaging, and measurement techniques for high-gain antennas.I. SUMMARY Overview of recent research activities of MilliLab and SMARAD at TKK Helsinki University of Technology at mmand submm-wavelengths is presented. These include MEMStunable high-impedance surfaces (Figure 1) [1], passive [2] and active dielectric rod waveguide components (Figure 2), indirect holographic imaging (Figure 3), and measurement techniques for high-gain antennas (Figure 4) [3]. _ inn rnt Iminwr nate,th r3nnpr nqfr-h 01 + Rhase siniaẽ~~~~^h ase, manatital <~~~~AnVudl n7eas!,e 70 75 80 as cIO 95 Frequency, GHz.4 .21 . Ft X _ U -1 -3 _i -6 7 80 85 90 95 Frequency, GHz 100 105 Figure 2. Travelling wave amplification in a dielectric rod waveguide.Figure 1. MEMS-based high-impedance surface (not tunable test structure) and its measured, calculated, and simulated SI 1.978-1-4244-1886-2/08/$25.00 ©2008 IEEE.

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“…20). Magnetoelastic and MEMS reconfigurable metamaterials have been realized for THz and sub-THz frequencies [21][22][23][24][25][26] and recently, reconfigurable metamaterials operating in the optical spectral range have been demonstrated [27,28]. However, the latter require large ambient temperature changes or engage irreversible structural transitions to achieve significant optical contrast.…”

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confidence: 99%

Reconfiguring photonic metamaterials with currents and magnetic fields

Valente

Plum

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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We demonstrate that spatial arrangement and optical properties of metamaterial nanostructures can be controlled dynamically using currents and magnetic fields. Mechanical deformation of metamaterial arrays is driven by both resistive heating of bimorph nanostructures and the Lorentz force that acts on charges moving in a magnetic field. With electrically controlled transmission changes of up to 50% at sub-mW power levels, our approaches offer high contrast solutions for dynamic control of metamaterial functionalities in optoelectronic devices.Dynamic control over metamaterial functionalities has become a major research challenge, as the numerous novel and dramatically enhanced functionalities that metamaterials can provide are usually narrow-band and fixed. The use of superconductors [1,2], phase change media [3][4][5], liquid crystals [6][7][8][9], nonlinear materials [10][11][12][13], graphene [14,15], and coherent optical interactions [16,17] has been investigated to achieve metamaterial properties tunable via temperature, external fields, light intensity or phase, or carrier injection [18,19] [27,28]. However, the latter require large ambient temperature changes or engage irreversible structural transitions to achieve significant optical contrast. Therefore, a practical solution for reversible large-range tuning of photonic metamaterial properties is still needed. Here we demonstrate that reconfigurable photonic metamaterials controlled by electrical currents and magnetic fields provide such a practical solution for reversible large-range tuning and modulation of optical metamaterial functionalities. Our approach takes advantage of the changing balance of forces at the nanoscale, where bilayers of nanoscale thickness bend strongly in response to temperature changes and weak elastic forces allow the magnetic Lorentz force to cause substantial deformation of the picogram-scale moving parts.Optical properties of metallic nanostructures, such as the metamaterial investigated here, are determined by the localized plasmonic response of coupled oscillations of conduction electrons and the electromagnetic nearfield induced by the incident light. In this work, dynamic control over metamaterial optical properties is achieved by exploiting the strong electromagnetic inter- * Electronic address: jpv1f11@orc.soton.ac. actions between the metamaterial building blocks, the metamolecules. By changing the physical arrangement of the nanoscale metamolecules we change their coupling and therefore the optical properties of the metamaterial array. Synchronous rearrangement of about 1000 plasmonic resonators at the nanoscale is achieved exploiting two simple physical principles, (i) bilayers consisting of materials with different thermal expansion coefficients will bend in response to temperature changes and (ii) electric charges moving in a magnetic field will be subject to the magnetic Lorentz force, see Fig 1. Selective resistive heating of alternating bridges and thus their deformation by differential thermal expansion, as w...

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MEMS‐based high‐impedance surfaces for millimeter and submillimeter wave applications

Cited by 33 publications

References 3 publications

Simple and Accurate Analytical Model of Planar Grids and High-Impedance Surfaces Comprising Metal Strips or Patches

Simple and Accurate Analytical Model of Planar Grids and High-Impedance Surfaces Comprising Metal Strips or Patches

Mm- and submm-wave research activities at MilliLab and SMARAD

Reconfiguring photonic metamaterials with currents and magnetic fields

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