MEMS microthrusters with nanoenergetic solid propellants

Puchades, Ivan; Hobosyan, Mkhitar; Fuller, Lynn; Liu, Felix; Thakur, Sunnykumar; Martirosyan, Karen S.; Lyshevski, Sergey Edward

doi:10.1109/nano.2014.6968072

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Figure 1 shows the dependence of the adiabatic temperature and equilibrium concentration of condensed and gaseous phases during the exothermic reaction in system (4). This can be very important advantage of hydroxide systems over oxide type thermites for applications where high amount of gaseous products per initial charge mass is vital, such as micropropulsions and microthrusters for space applications [28][29][30]. However, if we assume that due to high temperatures about 5 phase (Al 2 O 3 boiling point is 3250 K [27]), then gaseous products generated for system (5) per initial mixture mass is 0.00385 mol/g, while the system (4) generates twice higher amount of 0.0087 mol/g.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel nano-energetic system based on bismuth hydroxide

2016

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We report the first study of the gas generation and thermal wave behavior during the performance of the novel nanoenergetic system based on aluminum and bismuth hydroxide Al-Bi(OH) 3 . The thermodynamic calculations demonstrated that this system is comparable to one of the most powerful known nano-thermite systems, Al-Bi 2 O 3 , in terms of energy capacity per initial charge mass, and may generate more than twice gaseous products 0.0087 mol/g. Differential scanning calorimeter analysis shows that homogenization of as-received powder by using mechanical activation is an essential step to reduce the decomposition energy of bismuth hydroxide by 30 %, which results in nano thermite with higher pressure discharge abilities. The mechanical activation with energy of 450-750 kJ/g is enough to transform micro meter sized particles to sub-micro and nano-sized domain. The resulting nano thermite generated significant value of pressure discharge up to 5.6 kPa m 3 /g.

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Section: Thermodynamic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel nano-energetic system based on bismuth hydroxide

2016

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“…It was shown that I 2 O 5 -Al system has highest reaction enthalpy per volume (25.7 kJ cm À3 ) compared to other nanoenergetic formulations [9]. Iodine pentoxide is a strong oxidizer that has a strong potential to be one of the components for Nanoenergetic Gas Generator (NGG) formulations [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine Pentoxide Nano‐rods for High Density Energetic Materials

Hobosyan

Martirosyan

2017

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The iodine pentoxide is one of the most advanced oxidizers for nanostructured energetic formulations among the thermites due to the highest energy release per volume 25.7 kJ cm À3 . The size and shape of iodine pentoxide particles have a strong impact on the pressurization rates during the reaction. Although micro-sized iodine pentoxide particles are commercially available, nano-sized particles, which are desired for various nano-energetic applications, are not available on the market. Conventional wet chemical methods are unable to produce iodine pentoxide nanoparticles due to high solubility in water. In this study, we demonstrate fabrication of iodine pentoxide nano-rods by high energy mechanical treatment of microsized I 2 O 5 particles. Tuning the energy dose in high-energy ball milling is allowing to produce I 2 O 5 nano-rods with diameter of 50-100 nm and length of 300-600 nm. The produced nano-rods exhibited 10 % smaller decomposition energy compared to the precursor of micro particles. The experiments showed that the nano-energetic materials prepared with nano-sized I 2 O 5 rods have pressure discharge value of 43.4 MPa g À1 which is two times higher than using commercial iodine pentoxide particles.

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“…Prior work has shown that nanothermites prepared at near-stoichiometric conditions are useful for applications requiring high amounts of thrust over short durations, but the authors tested larger amounts of materials to measure thrust in comparison to what is presented in this paper [8][9][10]. Other experiments integrate smaller quantities of nanothermites into micromachined silicon substrates; however, there is no investigation of thrust behavior over a wide range of stoichiometries [11,12]. In addition, thrust is highly dependent on specific geometry, consequently quantifying thrust from material deposited directly to a substrate with no confinement could be used to compare materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…With advancements in lithography, the possibility of integrating energetic materials in microelectromechanical systems and electronic devices has increased, resulting in the emergence of the onchip microenergetics field [4]. Nanoenergetic composite materials have been widely investigated for a variety of applications including safe-and-arm devices [5], actuation [6,7], micro-propulsion [8][9][10][11][12] and power generation [13]. These materials can contain even greater energy densities than traditional monomolecular explosives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Stoichiometry on the Thrust and Heat Deposition of On‐Chip Nanothermites

Ramachandran

Vuppuluri

Fleck

et al. 2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Currently, there is very little systematic work quantifying the thrust or heat applied to an electronic circuit or other substrate by a deposited layer of energetic material. A better understanding of the interactions between nanoscale energetic materials and electronic systems, as a function of stoichiometry, is needed. For this purpose, formulations of nAl-CuO and nAl-Bi 2 O 3 nanothermites were prepared at different equivalence ratios and selectively deposited onto electronic circuit analogues (silicon wafers) and the amounts of thrust production and heat deposition were measured. Both nanothermite systems produced maximum thrust near stoichiometric ratios, accom-panied by a shock wave, with minimal thermal effects due to large gas production, which ejects the hot products of the substrates. Conversely, more fuel-rich mixtures led to significantly decreased thrust while increasing heat deposition due to the lower gas production, which allowed more heat to diffuse to the substrates. This shows that the energetic material response can be tuned between thrust or heat deposition by just varying the equivalence ratio. The conductive heat transfer within the silicon substrates from the nAl-CuO system increased more than the nAl-Bi 2 O 3 system at fuel rich conditions due to its higher heat of combustion.

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MEMS microthrusters with nanoenergetic solid propellants

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

A novel nano-energetic system based on bismuth hydroxide

A novel nano-energetic system based on bismuth hydroxide

Iodine Pentoxide Nano‐rods for High Density Energetic Materials

Influence of Stoichiometry on the Thrust and Heat Deposition of On‐Chip Nanothermites

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