Men’s Empathic Bias, Empathic Inaccuracy, and Sexual Harassment

Schweinle, William; Cofer, Carol; Schatz, Sandra

doi:10.1007/s11199-008-9507-2

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…3 Why more highly educated women here were more likely to be harassed is unclear; these women may more often be employed in male-dominated settings, be more knowledgeable about what constitutes sexual harassment, or be perceived as threatening, as sexual harassment is an assertion of hierarchical power relations. 3,26 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Sexual Harassment and Sexual Assault With Midlife Women’s Mental and Physical Health

et al. 2019

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Importance. Sexual harassment and sexual assault are prevalent experiences among women. However, their relation to health indices is less well understood. Objective. To investigate the relation of a history of sexual harassment and sexual assault to blood pressure, mood, anxiety, and sleep among midlife women. Design. Women completed physical measurements (blood pressure, height, weight), medical history, and questionnaire psychosocial assessments (workplace sexual harassment, sexual assault, depression, anxiety, sleep). Setting. Participants were recruited from the community. Participants. 304 nonsmoking women, ages 40–60, free of clinical cardiovascular disease Exposures. Sexual harassment and sexual assault. Main Outcomes and Measures. Blood pressure, depressive symptoms, anxiety, sleep Results. Among these midlife women, 19% reported a history of workplace sexual harassment, and 22% reported a history of sexual assault. Sexual harassment was related to significantly greater odds of stage 1 or 2 hypertension among women not taking antihypertensives [odds ratio(95% confidence interval)=2.36 (1.10–5.06), p=.03] as well as clinically poor sleep [odds ratio(95% confidence interval)=1.89 (1.05–3.42), p=.03], adjusting for covariates; sexual assault related to significantly greater odds of clinically elevated depressive symptoms [odds ratio(95% confidence interval)= 2.86 (1.42–5.77), p=.003, multivariable], clinically relevant anxiety [odds ratio(95% confidence interval) =2.26(1.26–4.06), p=.006], and clinically poor sleep [odds ratio(95% confidence interval)=2.15 (1.23–3.77), p=.007], adjusting for covariates. Conclusions and Relevance. Sexual harassment and sexual assault are prevalent experiences among midlife women. Sexual harassment was associated with higher blood pressure and poorer sleep. Sexual assault was associated with poorer mental health and sleep. Efforts to improve women’s health should target sexual harassment and assault prevention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Sexual Harassment and Sexual Assault With Midlife Women’s Mental and Physical Health

et al. 2019

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“…1997; Pryor and Whalen 1997). Harassers are also thought to over‐infer women's criticism and rejection, supporting the view that SH is related to aggression rather than seduction (Schweinle et al . 2009).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Harassers and Complainants And Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…However, some studies have suggested that harassers lack social conscience, are naïve about heterosexual relationships, and engage in immature, irresponsible, manipulative and exploitative behaviours (Begany and Milburn 2002;Kosson et al 1997;Pryor and Whalen 1997). Harassers are also thought to overinfer women's criticism and rejection, supporting the view that SH is related to aggression rather than seduction (Schweinle et al 2009). No parallel research has been conducted on women who harass men (Foote and Goodman-Delahunty 2005).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Complainants and Harassersmentioning

confidence: 97%

Workplace Sexual Harassment 30 Years on: A Review of the Literature

McDonald¹

2011

Int J Management Reviews

453

439

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Despite its proscription in legal jurisdictions around the world, workplace sexual harassment (SH) continues to be experienced by many women and some men in a variety of organizational settings. The aims of this review article are threefold: first, with a focus on workplace SH as it pertains to management and organizations, to synthesize the accumulated state of knowledge in the field; second, to evaluate this evidence, highlighting competing perspectives; and third, to canvass areas in need of further investigation. Variously ascribed through individual (psychological or legal consciousness) frameworks, sociocultural explanations and organizational perspectives, research consistently demonstrates that, like other forms of sexual violence, individuals who experience workplace SH suffer significant psychological, health‐ and job‐related consequences. Yet they often do not make formal complaints through internal organizational procedures or to outside bodies. Laws, structural reforms and policy initiatives have had some success in raising awareness of the problem and have shaped rules and norms in the employment context. However, there is an imperative to target further workplace actions to effectively prevent and respond to SH.

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“…Many scholars argue that sexual harassment is a form of aggressive and violent behavior (e.g., Farley, 1978;Fitzgerald, 1993;Kelly, 1988;Krings & Facchin, 2009;OÕLeary-Kelly, Paetzold, & Griffin, 2000;Quina, 1990;Schweinle, Cofer, & Schatz, 2009). …”

Section: Sexual Harassment As Goal Motivated Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%