Men who endorse hostile sexism feel vulnerable and exploited when seeking support in close relationships.

Fisher, Molly I; Burgess, Tessa C.; Hammond, Matthew D.

doi:10.1037/men0000357

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…These articles examined a variety of relationship outcomes, including perceptions of the relationship (e.g., Cross et al, 2019), perceptions of self (e.g., Hammond & Overall, 2015) or the partner (e.g., Hammond & Overall, 2013b), behaviors toward the partner (e.g., Hammond & Overall, 2015), as well as well-being outcomes mostly related to relationship satisfaction (e.g., Hammond & Overall, 2013a). These outcomes were assessed by self-report questionnaires (e.g., Yakushko, 2005), vignettes describing relationship-related scenarios (e.g., M. I. Fisher et al, 2021), daily diary methods (e.g., Hammond & Overall, 2013a), and coding of recorded couples’ interactions (e.g., Overall et al, 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When compared to their women partners’ actual reports, HS in men predicted men’s underestimations of their relationship power (Cross et al, 2019) and dependability-relevant support provided by their partner (Hammond & Overall, 2020), as well as overestimations of the negativity of their partners’ daily behavior (Hammond & Overall, 2013b). HS was also associated with a fear of being relationally dependent in men (M. I. Fisher et al, 2021) and with a fear of intimacy in both men and women (Yakushko, 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of the ambivalent sexism literature: Hostile sexism protects men’s power; benevolent sexism guards traditional gender roles.

Bareket,

Fiske

2023

Psychological Bulletin

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According to ambivalent sexism theory (Glick & Fiske, 1996), the coexistence of gendered power differences and mutual interdependence creates two apparently opposing but complementary sexist ideologies: hostile sexism (HS; viewing women as manipulative competitors who seek to gain power over men) coincides with benevolent sexism (BS; a chivalrous view of women as pure and moral, yet weak and passive, deserving men’s protection and admiration, as long as they conform). The research on these ideologies employs the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, used extensively in psychology and allied disciplines, often to understand the roles sexist attitudes play in reinforcing gender inequality. Following contemporary guidelines, this systematic review utilizes a principled approach to synthesize the multidisciplinary empirical literature on ambivalent sexism. After screening 1,870 potentially relevant articles and fully reviewing 654 eligible articles, five main domains emerge in ambivalent sexism research (social ideologies, violence, workplace, stereotypes, intimate relationships). The accumulating evidence across domains offers bottom-up empirical support for ambivalent sexism as a coordinated system to maintain control over women (and sometimes men). Hostile sexism acts through the direct and diverse paths of envious/resentful prejudices, being more sensitive to power and sexuality cues; Benevolent sexism acts through prejudices related to interdependence (primarily gender-based paternalism and gender-role differentiation), enforcing traditional gender relations and being more sensitive to role-related cues. Discussion points to common methodological limitations, suggests guidelines, and finds future avenues for ambivalent sexism research.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the ambivalent sexism literature: Hostile sexism protects men’s power; benevolent sexism guards traditional gender roles.

Bareket,

Fiske

2023

Psychological Bulletin

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“…The results of past studies have also supported this result (Ucar & Özdemir, 2021). Scholars believe that positive psychology positively influences individuals' health by promoting well-being, happiness, and satisfaction (Fisher, Burgess, & Hammond, 2021). These factors help improve the individual's overall behavior toward the claims of society.…”

Section: Figure 3: Moderation Of Unconscious Bias Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping with Hostile Discrimination: The Roles of Self-Advocacy, Positive Psychology, and Unconscious Bias Training in Higher Education

Nawab

2024

iRASD J. Manag.

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The research on Coping with Hostile Discrimination through Self-Advocacy, Positive Psychology in Higher Education, and Unconscious-Bias Training mainly emphasizes on encountering issues related to hostile Discrimination leads to the development of negative feelings in the minds of female students, such as self-doubt due to which their aspirations related to careers also get negatively impacted. There is a lack of research studies regarding the importance of self-advocacy for dealing with the problem of hostile Discrimination. Moreover, in the previous empirical studies, the concept of unconscious bias training is also lacking, due to which their role in dealing with the pertinent issue is not clear. However, the concept of positive psychology has been referred to in the previous literature for dealing with hostile Discrimination. Hostile Discrimination leads to negative experiences in women's lives, such as the symptoms of depression and anxiety, along with reduced self-esteem in them. To conduct this research, a quantitative based study has been used. The sample size has been set at 345, and a margin for blank questionnaires has also been established. There were 320 fully completed questionnaires submitted by the respondents, which helped with the analysis and production of the results. This study has chosen a conventional sample size, aiding in reliable data. After the data collection and analysis, results indicated a significant relationship between positive psychology in higher education and hostile Discrimination. Whereas unconscious-bias training insignificantly moderates the relationship between self-advocacy and hostile Discrimination. The mediating impact of self-advocacy between positive psychology in higher education and hostile Discrimination was also significant. Apart from increasing the knowledge of the constructs under study, the present research has also been effective in practical implications. The present study has encouraged the management of various universities to take important measures to promote positive psychology in higher education. Fewer resources have forced the present study to focus only on Chinese universities. Future researchers could overcome this by integrating the universities from developed countries in the context of the present study.

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“…For instance, the aggressive behaviors within intimate relationships that are associated with men's HS undoubtedly impede the fulfillment of men's fundamental relational needs and satisfaction (Hammond & Overall, 2017; Hammond et al, 2018). As such, HS can prevent men from seeking support in close relationships given that hostile sexist men can perceive support from their partners as potentially threatening to their status (Fisher et al, 2021).…”

Section: Hostile Sexismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal Relative Deprivation Increases Men's (but Not Women's) Hostile Sexism: The Mediating Role of Sense of Control

Teng

Wang

et al. 2022

Psychology of Women Quarterly

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Hostile sexism is a blatant and explicit form of sexism consisting of antagonistic attitudes toward women. We hypothesized that men's personal relative deprivation, a subjectively perceived disadvantage, would predict their hostile sexism toward women. In addition, we expected that, if this effect occurs, a sense of control would act as a mediator. Five studies ( N = 1352) confirmed these hypotheses. Study 1 showed that personal relative deprivation predicted hostile sexism only for men, but not for women among Chinese college students. In addition, we observed the effect of personal relative deprivation only on hostile sexism, but not on benevolent sexism. Study 2, which employed participants from the United States, directly replicated the findings of Study 1. Studies 3 and 4 further showed that a sense of control acted as a mediator in this process. As such, increased hostile sexism attitude (Study 3) and hostile sexism behavior (Study 4) predicted by personal relative deprivation could result from a reduced sense of control. Study 5 further provided causal evidence that a temporarily induced state of personal relative deprivation resulted in a higher level of hostile sexism via a reduced sense of control. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for relative deprivation, gender inequality, and interventions.

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Men who endorse hostile sexism feel vulnerable and exploited when seeking support in close relationships.

Cited by 6 publications

References 59 publications

A systematic review of the ambivalent sexism literature: Hostile sexism protects men’s power; benevolent sexism guards traditional gender roles.

A systematic review of the ambivalent sexism literature: Hostile sexism protects men’s power; benevolent sexism guards traditional gender roles.

Coping with Hostile Discrimination: The Roles of Self-Advocacy, Positive Psychology, and Unconscious Bias Training in Higher Education

Personal Relative Deprivation Increases Men's (but Not Women's) Hostile Sexism: The Mediating Role of Sense of Control

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