Menace of antimicrobial resistance in LMICs: Current surveillance practices and control measures to tackle hostility

Sharma, Ayush; Singh, Akanksha; Dar, Mukhtar Ahmad; Kaur, Rimple Jeet; Charan, Jaykaran; Iskandar, Katia; Haque, Mainul; Murti, Krishna; Ravichandiran, V.; Dhingra, Swati

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2021.12.008

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…In contrast to the current study, in previous reports by Örsten et al (2020) from Turkey, Davoudabadi et al (2022) from Iran, and Banerjee et al (2021) from India, XDR and PDR CR-hvKp isolates have been reported. The lack of integrated stewardship programs for antibiotic use and prescribing and the sale of antibiotics in pharmacies without a doctor’s prescription are among the reasons for the increasing antibiotic resistance rates in GNB, especially in third world countries ( Sharma et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beta-lactamase determinants and molecular typing of carbapenem-resistant classic and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from southwest of Iran

et al. 2022

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This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant classic Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-cKp) and carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKp) isolates in southwestern Iran. From 2019 to 2021, 136 (88.9%) cKp and 17 (11.1%) hvKp isolates were identified using biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiotic resistance, beta-lactamases, and clonal relatedness of carbapenem-resistant isolates were investigated using disk diffusion, PCR, and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR), respectively. The different markers of hvKp isolates were as follows: string test (35.3%, n = 6/17), magA (11.8%, n = 2/17), rmpA (11.8%, n = 2/17), rmpA2 (52.9%, n = 9/17), iucA (52.9%, n = 9/17), and peg344 (35.3%, n = 6/17). Also, 55.1% (n = 75/136) of cKp and 47.1% (n = 8/17) of hvKp isolates were CR-cKp and CR-hvKp, respectively. All CR-hvKp (100.0%, n = 8) isolates were MDR. Colistin, tetracycline, and tigecycline were the most effective antibiotics. The occurrence of beta-lactamase genes in 75 CR-cKp and 8 CR-hvKp isolates was as follows: blaNDM (41.3, 25.0%), blaIMP (4.0, 0.0%), blaVIM (8.0, 0.0%), blaGES (14.7, 25.0%), blaOXA–48–like (20.0, 0.0%), blaCTX–M (26.7, 12.5%), blaSHV (24.0, 12.5%), blaTEM (10.7, 0.0%), blaFOX (6.7, 0.0%), blaDHA (6.7, 0.0%), blaCMY (5.3, 0.0%), blaLAT (12.0, 0.0%), and blaACT (8.0, 0.0%). ERIC-PCR showed a high diversity among isolates. In this study, the occurrence of MDR CR-hvKp isolates harboring blaNDM and blaGES was detected for the first time in southwestern Iran. To prevent the spread of CR-hvKp and reduce selection pressure, long-term surveillance and more effective treatment strategies should be implemented.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beta-lactamase determinants and molecular typing of carbapenem-resistant classic and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from southwest of Iran

et al. 2022

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“…Inappropriate use of antibiotics, poor hygiene and other preventive measures in veterinary medicine, deficiencies in health centers, inadequate staff training, and infection control programs in hospitals, and a lack of proper management steps in animal farms may all contribute to a high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in animals (63 %) and humans (42 %). (22,23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiogram And Prevalence Of ESBL Genes In Escherichia Coli From Clinical Specimen

Kamran¹

2022

Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results

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The members of the Enterobacteriaceae family are among the most common causative agents of various clinical infections. Some pathogens produce enzymes to escape the effect of antibiotics and the ESBL enzyme is the new strategy of the bacterial pathogen which is responsible for emerging antimicrobial resistance. The prevalence of Gram Negative bacteria that are usually associated with the production of ESBLs enzymes is on the rise around the globe, both in residing area and hospital setups, as a result, multiple therapeutic problems including antibiotic resistance are being faced. The current study was aimed to look at the characteristics, the pattern of antibiotic resistance, and to estimate the prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in clinical isolates. The samples after collection were streaked and cultured on MacConkey, and chocolate, and blood agar. The identification of the isolates was done based on various biochemical characteristics, and the API 20-E test. The modified Disc Diffusion method was used to confirm ESBL enzyme synthesis, and the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method was used to assess antibiotic susceptibility. Out of 121 isolates of E. coli, 51.2% (n=62) were recovered from female patients and 48.8% (n=59) were obtained from male patients. The genotypic detection of ESBL genes was done by PCR followed by gel electrophoresis. Of total 47 E. coli confirmed for the production of ESBLs, 91.4% (n=43) were found harbouring blaCTX-M followed by blaTEM and blaSHV with 21.2% (n=10) and 8.5% (n=4) prevalence. The table gives an overview of ESBL gene distribution in clinically isolated E. coli. The current study indicates the magnitude of antimicrobial resistance and the underlying genes especially the blaCTX-M gene among the E. coli isolates.

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“…Global Action Plan). Research indicates that antimicrobial resistance is increasing in low-income countries with poor hygiene strategies and uncontrolled antibiotic use [ 48 ]. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that the mobile human population may contribute to the global spread of resistant bacteria [ 49 ].…”

Section: Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Status of Afghan Refugees in Europe: Policy and Practice Implications for an Optimised Healthcare

Matsangos¹,

Ziaka

Exadaktylos

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Four decades of civil war, violence, and destabilisation have forced millions of Afghans to flee their homes and to move to other countries worldwide. This increasing phenomenon may challenge physicians unfamiliar with the health status of this population, which may be markedly different from that of the host country. Moreover, several factors during their migration, such as transport in closed containers, accidental injuries, malnutrition, and accommodation in detention centres and refugee camps have a major influence on the health of refugees. By taking into account the variety of the specific diseases among migrant groups, the diversity of the origins of refugees and asylum seekers, and the increasing numbers of Afghan refugees, in this review we focus on the population of Afghans and describe their health status with the aim of optimising our medical approach and management. Our literature review shows that the most prevalent reported infections are tuberculosis and other respiratory tract infections and parasitic diseases, for example leishmaniasis, malaria, and intestinal parasitic infections. Anaemia, hyperlipidaemia, arterial hypertension, diabetes, smoking, overweight, malnutrition, low socioeconomic status, and poor access to healthcare facilities are additional risk factors for non-communicable diseases among Afghan refugees. With regards mental health issues, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the most common diagnoses and culture shock and the feeling of being uprooted modulate their persistence. Further research is needed in order to provide us with extensive, high-quality data about the health status of Afghan refugees. The main objective of this review is to identify protective factors which could ensure key health concepts and good clinical practice.

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Menace of antimicrobial resistance in LMICs: Current surveillance practices and control measures to tackle hostility

Cited by 42 publications

References 88 publications

Beta-lactamase determinants and molecular typing of carbapenem-resistant classic and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from southwest of Iran

Beta-lactamase determinants and molecular typing of carbapenem-resistant classic and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from southwest of Iran

Antibiogram And Prevalence Of ESBL Genes In Escherichia Coli From Clinical Specimen

Health Status of Afghan Refugees in Europe: Policy and Practice Implications for an Optimised Healthcare

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