Meningococcal Serogroup A Avidity Indices as a Surrogate Marker of Priming for the Induction of Immunologic Memory after Vaccination with a Meningococcal A/C Conjugate Vaccine in Infants in the United Kingdom

Porin A—Specific Antibody Avidity in Patients Who Are Convalescing from Meningococcal B Disease

“…Immunization of children with these vaccines induced a PorA-specific antibody response with a similar IgG isotype distribution as is seen after invasive meningococcal disease (8,9). We and others also showed that vaccination with the monovalent OMV vaccine as well as the hexavalent vaccine induces a significant antibody avidity maturation (9,10), which is a marker of the induction of immunologic memory (11)(12)(13).…”

Generation of adult-like antibody avidity profiles after early-life immunization with protein vaccines

“…Hence, a critical point with regard to the extension of early life immunization strategies is to ensure the quality of induced responses and the duration of protection. Recently, it has been demonstrated that infant immunization with conjugated polysaccharide vaccines can generate antibodies with a progressive avidity increase [26][27][28][29][30]. However, these studies do not allow the comparison of infant data with those obtained following the immunization of older children or adults, because the latter are already naturally primed by carriage or exposure to cross-reacting polysaccharides prior to vaccination.…”

“…Studies performed in infants indicated a progressive increase of somatic mutation of immunoglobulin genes between 2 and 10 months of age, with evidence for selection only observed from 6 months onwards [24,25]. Avidity maturation was shown to occur following early infant immunization with conjugated polysaccharide vaccines [26][27][28][29][30]. However, it has been reported that following N. meningitidis infection, infants produced specific antibodies of a significantly lower average avidity than older children, which correlated with the absence of bactericidal activity in infant sera [31].…”

Immune memory responses to HBV vaccine 13-18 years after primary vaccination

“…The existence of antibodies that have a high avidity for their antigen proved that recombinant HBsAg can induce the humoral memory response (Joseph et al, 2001;Alam et al, 2013). However, the memory response to HBsAg was more difficult to evaluate.…”