Meningococci of Serogroup X Clonal Complex 181 in Refugee Camps, Italy

Stefanelli, Paola; Neri, Arianna; Vacca, Paola; Picicco, Damiano; Daprai, Laura; Mainardi, Giulia; Rossolini, Gian María; Bartoloni, Alessandro; Anselmo, Anna; Ciammaruconi, Andrea; Fortunato, Antonella; Palozzi, Anna Maria; Fillo, Silvia; Faccini, Marino; Senatore, Sabrina; Lista, Florigio; Fazio, Cecilia

doi:10.3201/eid2305.161713

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Such events often involve international travel, crowding and engagement in social behaviors that increase the likelihood of Nm transmission (e.g. smoking, kissing, sharing of food/drink) [37,52,159]. Historically, the Hajj has been associated with local and international outbreaks of IMD, but the last major outbreak occurred in 2000 [160][161][162][163][164].…”

Section: Imd In High-risk Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Meningococcal Initiative meeting on prevention of meningococcal disease worldwide: Epidemiology, surveillance, hypervirulent strains, antibiotic resistance and high-risk populations

Acevedo

Bai

Borrow

et al. 2018

Expert Review of Vaccines

159

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2019) The Global Meningococcal Initiative meeting on prevention of meningococcal disease worldwide: Epidemiology, surveillance, hypervirulent strains, antibiotic resistance and highrisk populations, Expert Review of Vaccines, 18:1, 15-30, ABSTRACT Introduction: The 2018 Global Meningococcal Initiative (GMI) meeting focused on evolving invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) epidemiology, surveillance, and protection strategies worldwide, with emphasis on emerging antibiotic resistance and protection of high-risk populations. The GMI is comprised of a multidisciplinary group of scientists and clinicians representing institutions from several continents. Areas covered: Given that the incidence and prevalence of IMD continually varies both geographically and temporally, and surveillance systems differ worldwide, the true burden of IMD remains unknown. Genomic alterations may increase the epidemic potential of meningococcal strains. Vaccination and (to a lesser extent) antimicrobial prophylaxis are the mainstays of IMD prevention. Experiences from across the globe advocate the use of conjugate vaccines, with promising evidence growing for protein vaccines. Multivalent vaccines can broaden protection against IMD. Application of protection strategies to high-risk groups, including individuals with asplenia, complement deficiencies and human immunodeficiency virus, laboratory workers, persons receiving eculizumab, and men who have sex with men, as well as attendees at mass gatherings, may prevent outbreaks. There was, however, evidence that reduced susceptibility to antibiotics was increasing worldwide. Expert commentary: The current GMI global recommendations were reinforced, with several other global initiatives underway to support IMD protection and prevention. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Imd In High-risk Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Meningococcal Initiative meeting on prevention of meningococcal disease worldwide: Epidemiology, surveillance, hypervirulent strains, antibiotic resistance and high-risk populations

Acevedo

Bai

Borrow

et al. 2018

Expert Review of Vaccines

159

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…10,13 Meningococcal epidemiology suggests an increased incidence and prevalence of MD during mass gatherings that involve migration and travel. [14][15][16] Further, Nm is susceptible to frequent genetic transformations due to natural horizontal DNA exchanges between isolates. 17 Currently, serogroup B MD (MenB) is the most prevalent globally.…”

Section: Review Of the Global Incidence And Epidemiology Of Meningocomentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningococcal disease and control in China: Findings and updates from the Global Meningococcal Initiative (GMI)

Shao

Liu

et al. 2018

Journal of Infection

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The Global Meningococcal Initiative (GMI) is a global expert group, including scientists, clinicians and public health officials from a wide range of specialities. The goal of the GMI is to prevent meningococcal disease worldwide through education, research, and co-operation. The Chinese GMI roundtable meeting was held in June 2017. The GMI met with local experts to gain insight into the meningococcal disease burden in China and current prevention and vaccination strategies in place. China experienced five epidemics of serogroup A meningococcal disease (MenA) between 1938 and 1977, with peak incidence of 403/100,000 recorded in 1967. MenA incidence rates have significantly declined following the universal introduction of the MenA polysaccharide vaccine in China in the 1980s. Further, surveillance data indicates changing meningococcal epidemiology in China with the emergence of new clones of serogroup B from serogroup C clonal complex (cc) 4821 due to capsular switching, and the international spread of serogroup W cc11. The importance of carriage and herd protection for controlling meningococcal disease was highlighted with the view to introduce conjugate vaccines and serogroup B vaccines into the national immunization schedule. Improved disease surveillance and standardized laboratory techniques across and within provinces will ensure optimal epidemiological monitoring.

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“…with rifampicin or ciprofloxacin) for cases and persons directly exposed to them, as shown following unrelated cases of meningococcal serogroup X and MenB among migrants and refugees in Italy and Turkey, respectively. [140][141][142] Consequently, early diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis are key to protect these vulnerable populations, as well as host communities. However, surveillance is needed to determine the prevalence of carriers of Nm and of circulating serogroups among these populations in order to inform vaccine recommendations.…”

Section: Refugees and Migrantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention and control of meningococcal disease: Updates from the Global Meningococcal Initiative in Eastern Europe

Bai

Borrow

Bukovski

et al. 2019

Journal of Infection

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The Global Meningococcal Initiative (GMI) aims to prevent invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) worldwide through education, research and cooperation. In March 2019, a GMI meeting was held with a multidisciplinary group of experts and representatives from countries within Eastern Europe. Across the countries represented, IMD surveillance is largely in place, with incidence declining in recent decades and now generally at < 1 case per 10 0,0 0 0 persons per year. Predominating serogroups are B and C, followed by A, and cases attributable to serogroups W, X and Y are emerging. Available vaccines differ between countries, are generally not included in immunization programs and provided to high-risk groups only. Available vaccines include both conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines; however, current data and GMI recommendations advocate the use of conjugate vaccines, where possible, due to the ability to interrupt the acquisition of carriage. Ongoing carriage studies are expected to inform vaccine effectiveness and immunization schedules. Additionally, IMD prevention and control should be guided by monitoring outbreak progression and the emergence and international spread of strains and antibiotic resistance through use of genomic analyses and implementation of World Health Organization initiatives. Protection of high-risk * Corresponding author.

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Meningococci of Serogroup X Clonal Complex 181 in Refugee Camps, Italy

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

The Global Meningococcal Initiative meeting on prevention of meningococcal disease worldwide: Epidemiology, surveillance, hypervirulent strains, antibiotic resistance and high-risk populations

The Global Meningococcal Initiative meeting on prevention of meningococcal disease worldwide: Epidemiology, surveillance, hypervirulent strains, antibiotic resistance and high-risk populations

Meningococcal disease and control in China: Findings and updates from the Global Meningococcal Initiative (GMI)

Prevention and control of meningococcal disease: Updates from the Global Meningococcal Initiative in Eastern Europe

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