Meniscal translocation and deformation throughout the range of motion of the equine stifle joint: An in vitro cadaveric study

Fowlie, J. G.; Arnoczky, Steven P.; Stick, John A.; Pease, Anthony P.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00291.x

Cited by 32 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The more frequent involvement of the medial aspect of the femorotibial joint compared to the lateral aspect is in agreement with previous reports [10,12]. It is hypothesized to be due to higher loading of the medial aspect of the joint during weightbearing, which causes this site to be more susceptible to stress and injuries [13].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Ultrasonographic Findings in the Stifle Joint of Active Jumping and Dressage Horses

Vekens¹,

Bergman²

2016

Rheumatology

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ObjectiveUltrasonography (US) is frequently used to evaluate the equine stifle joint. Some soft tissue US findings are known to be clinically relevant, while others are considered incidental. These considerations are not always evidence-based. This study aims to describe the US findings observed in the stifle of clinically sound, active jumping and dressage horses. Procedures:To be included in this study, the horses had to fulfil 4 criteria: (1) in competition at least 1 time/month at national or international level, (2) in full work, (3) free of lameness, (4) no complains of the horse's performances. Both stifle joints of each horse were scanned systematically by US and US findings were recorded. Results:46 Warmblood horses fulfilled the criteria. US was normal in 21 horses, whereas abnormalities were detected in one or both stifles in 7 and 18 horses, respectively.Changes were seen in all compartments of the stifle joints: medial femorotibial joint (18 horses): osteophytes, effusion, subchondral cyst in the medial femoral condyle and lesions in the cranial meniscotibial ligament or medial collateral ligament; lateral femorotibial joint (4 horses): mild effusion, subchondral cyst in lateral femoral condyle; femoropatellar joint (16 horses): effusion, lesions in medial or intermediate patellar ligament or osteochondrotic lesions. Conclusion and Clinical relevance:Mild changes can be found ultrasonographically in the stifles of sport horses. Periarticular new bone formation was observed in 25% of the horses, apparently clinically not relevant. Lesions in the menisci, the tendinous portions of the popliteus muscle, long digital extensor muscle or peroneus tertius muscle or the lateral collateral ligament were not observed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Ultrasonographic Findings in the Stifle Joint of Active Jumping and Dressage Horses

Vekens¹,

Bergman²

2016

Rheumatology

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“…Therefore, these estimated contact patterns reflect actual cartilage to cartilage contact in regions of the joint not covered by the menisci. Indeed, the relative shape and movement of the total area of articular surface contact on both the medial and lateral tibial condyle demonstrated in the current study corresponds to the change in meniscal shape (and the shape of the area of articular cartilage not covered by the meniscus) demonstrated in previous studies . In addition, the decrease in total articular contact area seen in both the lateral and medial compartments at terminal extension correlated with a previous in vitro study that demonstrated a significant decrease in articular contact area at a femoral tibia angle of 160° using electronic pressure sensors .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Three dimensional, radiosteriometric analysis (RSA) of equine stifle kinematics and articular surface contact: A cadaveric study

Halley

Bey

Haladik

et al. 2013

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Reasons for performing study Studies examining the effect of stifle joint angle on tibial rotation, adduction-abduction angle, and articular contact area are lacking. Objectives To test the hypothesis that tibial rotation, adduction-abduction angle, and articular contact area change with stifle joint angle. Study Design Descriptive study of normal kinematics and articular contact patterns of the equine stifle through the functional range of motion using 3D radiosteriometric analysis (RSA) and equine cadaver stifles. Methods Multiple, radiopaque markers were embedded in the distal femur and proximal tibia and sequential, bi-planar x-rays captured as the stifle was passively extended from 110° to full extension. Computer-programmed RSA was used to determine changes in abduction-adduction and internal-external rotation angles of the tibia during stifle extension as well as articular contact patterns (total area and areas of high contact) through the range of motion. Results The tibia rotated externally (p<0.001) as the stifle was extended. Tibial abduction occurred from 110–135° of extension (p<0.001) and tibial adduction occurred from 135° through full extension (p = 0.009). The centre of joint contact moved cranially on both tibial condyles during extension with the lateral moving a greater distance than the medial (p = 0.003). Articular contact area decreased (p = 0.001) in the medial compartment but not in the lateral compartment (p = 0.285) as the stifle was extended. The area of highest joint contact increased on the lateral tibial condyle (p<0.001) with extension but decreased (p = 0.001) on the medial tibial condyle. Conclusions Significant changes occur in tibial rotation, adduction-abduction angle, and articular contact area of the equine stifle through the functional range of motion. Understanding the normal kinematics of the equine stifle and the relationship between joint positions and articular contact areas may provide important insight into the etiology and location of common stifle joint pathologies (articular cartilage and meniscal lesions).

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“…The change in equine meniscal conformation from a C-shape to an L-shape described by Fowlie et al [22] that arises during stifle flexion may place the meniscal inner border under tension and could explain the fraying frequently observed at this location in all 3 meniscal segments in the present study. Furthermore, Bonilla et al [23] also reported that the centre of the equine tibial plateau, that has no meniscal tissue cover, sustained increased stress loads throughout stifle flexion and could contribute to fraying of the meniscal inner border or formation of meniscal body tears.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…The change in equine meniscal conformation from a C‐shape to an L‐shape described by Fowlie et al . that arises during stifle flexion may place the meniscal inner border under tension and could explain the fraying frequently observed at this location in all 3 meniscal segments in the present study. Furthermore, Bonilla et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Equine meniscal degeneration is associated with medial femorotibial osteoarthritis

Dubuc

Girard

Richard

et al. 2017

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Meniscal translocation and deformation throughout the range of motion of the equine stifle joint: An in vitro cadaveric study

Abstract: Hyperextension of the stifle may place the cranial horn of the medial meniscus at risk of injury and thus explain the higher prevalence of meniscal tears at this location.

Cited by 32 publications

References 20 publications

Ultrasonographic Findings in the Stifle Joint of Active Jumping and Dressage Horses

Ultrasonographic Findings in the Stifle Joint of Active Jumping and Dressage Horses

Three dimensional, radiosteriometric analysis (RSA) of equine stifle kinematics and articular surface contact: A cadaveric study

Equine meniscal degeneration is associated with medial femorotibial osteoarthritis

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