Menstrual cyclicity of finger joint size and grip strength in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Rudge, S. R.; Kowanko, I C; Drury, P L

doi:10.1136/ard.42.4.425

Cited by 44 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Unspecific bindings were blocked using the biotin-blocking system (DAKO, Carpinteria, CA). Incubation was performed with the following antibodies in a humidified chamber: ERao-mouse monoclonal 1D5, dilution 1 Positive controls for ERat and ER, included previously tested and positively stained breast cancer tissue.30 Negative controls were performed by replacing the primary antibodies with the respective isotype immunoglobulins diluted in the same concentration as primary antibodies (mouse IgGi for ID5; mouse IgG2a for 14C8, Coulter Clone, Miami, FL). The specificity of the antibodies used in this study was shown previously.3' Immunohistochemical results were performed semiquantitatively.…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen Receptor-β Is the Predominant Estrogen Receptor Subtype in Normal Human Synovia

Dietrich¹,

Haitel²,

Holzer³

et al. 2006

Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation

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Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen Receptor-β Is the Predominant Estrogen Receptor Subtype in Normal Human Synovia

Dietrich¹,

Haitel²,

Holzer³

et al. 2006

Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation

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“…The aetiology of RA is largely unknown, but there are patients diagnosed with RA has been demonstrated to be influenced by changes in sex steroid environment such as pregnancy, delivery and the menstrual cycle [3,4]. The onset of RA symptoms has also been suggested to be often associated with menopausal transition [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex steroid receptors in rheumatoid arthritis

et al. 2004

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease characterized primarily by chronic inflammatory synovitis and is well-known to be associated with significant sex differences in its prevalence and clinical features. Sex steroids have been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of RA, but details pertaining to the expression of sex steroid receptors in RA synovial tissue have yet to be fully characterized. In the present study, we examined oestrogen receptor (ER) alpha, ERbeta, progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR) mRNA expression using real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) in eight female RA synovial tissues and six female synovial tissues without inflammation, and determined immunolocalization of ERalpha, ERbeta, PR-A, PR-B and AR using immunohistochemistry in synovial tissues obtained from 22 RA patients. Real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated the expression of ER, PR and AR mRNAs in both RA and non-inflamed synovial tissues. Relative abundance of ER mRNAs was significantly higher in RA synovial tissue than non-inflamed synovial tissue (P<0.05). In addition, the relative ERalpha/ERbeta mRNA expression ratio was significantly lower in RA than non-inflamed synovial tissue (RA, 2.34 +/- 1.60; and non-inflamed, 20.7 +/- 19.1; P<0.05). There were no significant differences in relative abundance of PR mRNA. Relative abundance of AR mRNA was significantly lower in RA (P<0.05). Immunoreactivity for ERalpha, ERbeta, PR-B and AR was detected in the lining cells, inflammatory cells and fibroblasts in all the patients examined. The labelling indices for ERbeta and PR-B were more abundant in both lining cells (ERbeta, 54.2 +/- 12.2%; PR-B, 73.6 +/- 18.9%) and inflammatory cells (ERbeta, 74.6 +/- 16.2%; PR-B, 75.9 +/- 16.1%) than in fibroblasts (ERbeta, 36.5 +/- 15.6%; PR-B, 49.4 +/- 18.0%). Labelling indices for ERalpha and AR were significantly higher in lining cells (ERalpha, 14.4 +/- 8.6%; AR, 31.2 +/- 11.3%) and fibroblasts (ERalpha, 12.1 +/- 7.5%; AR, 20.1 +/- 9.6%) than those in inflammatory cells (ERalpha, 5.7 +/- 3.3%; AR, 9.2 +/- 4.4%). There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the labelling indices for ERalpha, ERbeta and PR-B between men and women under 50 years of age in fibroblasts of RA synovial tissues. These results indicate that sex steroid receptors are present in RA and non-inflamed synovial tissues, including inflammatory cells in RA, and suggest that sex steroids may play important roles in the regulation of inflammation of RA synovial tissue.

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“…Estradiol levels decrease lymphocyte counts (3), increase mature helper thymocytes (4), modulate proinflammatory cytokine release through the modulation of CD16 expression (5), and deplete suppressor and cytotoxic thymocytes (6). Disease severity is also influenced by both pregnancy (7) and the menstrual cycle (8). This evidence suggests that sex hormones influence the pathogenesis or clinical expression of RA (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy on rheumatoid arthritis: The women's health initiative randomized controlled trials

Walitt

Pettinger

Weinstein

et al. 2008

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. To study the effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy (PHT) on the incidence and severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. The Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trials evaluated the effects of unopposed estrogen (E-alone) and estrogen plus progestin (E؉P) compared with placebo on a diverse set of health outcomes over 7.1 and 5.6 years, respectively. RA cases were identified using historical and medication data. The hazard of developing RA was estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Disease symptom severity was estimated using the Short Form 36 (SF-36) and self-reported joint pain scores at baseline and after 1 year. Mean changes in severity were compared using linear regression models. Conclusion. There were no statistically significant differences in the risk of developing RA or the severity of RA between the PHT and placebo groups.

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Menstrual cyclicity of finger joint size and grip strength in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Cited by 44 publications

References 18 publications

Estrogen Receptor-β Is the Predominant Estrogen Receptor Subtype in Normal Human Synovia

Estrogen Receptor-β Is the Predominant Estrogen Receptor Subtype in Normal Human Synovia

Sex steroid receptors in rheumatoid arthritis

Effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy on rheumatoid arthritis: The women's health initiative randomized controlled trials

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