Mental Health Parity Legislation: Implications for Children and Youth With Serious Emotional Disturbance

Bailey, Bridget C.; Davis, Tamara S.

doi:10.1080/15332985.2011.609776

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…Parity is especially useful for enhancing private sector mental health coverage whose inadequacy gave rise to Medicaid waivers. Yet available literature, although limited, suggests that parity coverage has continued to be insufficient to meet the treatment financing needs for many children with mental illness (Bailey & Davis, 2012; Barry & Busch, 2008). Despite parity’s enhancement of private coverage, there is likely a continuing need for Medicaid waivers’ comprehensive coverage to enable families’ access to the wider array of home- and community-based treatment available primarily through public sector services.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A significant portion of parents of a youth with SED report barriers to accessing care, and particular difficulty in obtaining needed specialty services for their child (Owens et al, 2002). Despite parity laws, private insurance continues to provide minimal coverage for mental health services, usually only covering basic outpatient services (Bailey & Davis, 2012; Barry & Busch, 2008; Ireys, Pires, & Lee, 2006). Because states are required to provide specialty services through Medicaid’s Early Periodical Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment (EPSDT) mandate, many state systems have come to rely heavily on Medicaid to fund Home and Community Based Services (HCBS) (Howell, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given these factors, it is not surprising that individuals with public insurance are more likely to access mental health care than those with private insurance (Burns et al, 1997; Walker, Cummings, Hockenberry, & Druss, 2015). Only 10% of uninsured or privately insured youth obtain mental health care, compared with 44% of youth with Medicaid (Bailey & Davis, 2012; Howell, 2004). However, 30% to 40% of youth with SED are privately insured or non-Medicaid eligible and uninsured (Mark & Buck, 2006), suggesting that many youth with SED are not receiving any mental health care due to cost barriers (Rowan, McAlpine, & Blewett, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medicaid waivers and public sector mental health service penetration rates for youth.

Graaf

Snowden

2018

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry

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To assist families of youth with serious emotional disturbance in financing youth's comprehensive care, some states have sought and received Medicaid waivers. Medicaid waivers waive or relax the Medicaid means test for eligibility to provide insurance coverage to nonpoor families for expensive, otherwise out-of-reach treatment for youth with Serious Emotional Disturbance (SED). Waivers promote treatment access for the most troubled youth, and the present study investigated whether any of several Medicaid waiver options-and those that completely omit the means test in particular-are associated with higher state-wide public sector treatment penetration rates. The investigators obtained data from the U.S. Census, SAMHSA's Uniform Reporting System, and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Analysis employed random intercept and random slope linear regression models, controlling for a variety of state demographic and fiscal variables, to determine whether a relationship between Medicaid waiver policies and state-level public sector penetration rates could be observed. Findings indicate that, whether relaxing or completely waiving Medicaid's qualifying income limits, waivers increase public sector penetration rates, particularly for youth under age 17. However, completely waiving Medicaid income limits did not uniquely contribute to penetration rate increases. States offering Medicaid waivers that either relax or completely waive Medicaid's means test to qualify for health coverage present higher public sector treatment rates for youth with behavioral health care needs. There is no evidence that restricting the program to waiving the means test for accessing Medicaid would increase treatment access. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Medicaid waivers and public sector mental health service penetration rates for youth.

Graaf

Snowden

2018

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry

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“…When people struggle with mental health, their productivity and work performance will likely be affected which can create social problems (Bailey & Dollard, 2019;Ning, 2020). Furthermore, there are many direct and indirect costs for organizations in addition to individuals, communities, and society (Bailey & Dollard, 2019).…”

Section: Economic Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Wellbeing and Boosting Resilience to Mitigate the Adverse Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Critical Narrative Review

Beckstein

Chollier

Kaur³

et al. 2022

Sage Open

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The COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc globally. Besides devastating physical health consequences, the mental health consequences are dire as well and are predicted to have a long-term impact for some individuals and communities and society as a whole. Specific keywords were entered into various popular databases at three points in time (June 2020, April 2021, and February 2022). Articles about COVID-19 that focused on mental health and/or discussed improving resilience/coping were reviewed by the authors. A total of 119 publications were included. The pandemic is certainly a chronic stressor for many people, and some may be traumatized in the aftermath which may lead to stress-related disorders. The psychological impacts of this stress and trauma are reported and findings presented around three key themes: mental health impact, impact in the workplace, and improving resilience. In addition, particularly vulnerable populations are discussed and some of the violence and inequities they might face. Resilience literature offers keys to promoting positive mental wellbeing during and after the pandemic. Being able to effectively respond to the heterogeneity of specific situations while building resilience is addressed. Prevention, preparedness, Psychological First Aid training, and trauma informed practice can all contribute to building resilience and promoting peri/post-traumatic growth at all levels of society. This narrative review provides an overview of the literature on mental health and resilience in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors propose that, through the use of the accumulated empirical knowledge on resilience, we can mitigate many of the most damaging outcomes. Implications for mental health professionals, policy suggestions, and future research directions are explored.

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“…Paying out of pocket for needed services can create significant financial strain (Kuo et al, 2011; Newacheck & Kim, 2005), and private insurance carriers provide limited or no coverage for home- and community-based services (Bailey & Davis, 2012; Barry & Busch, 2008). To access public health insurance to fund the intensive mental health care needed for their child, many parents relinquish custody to the state—either through the child welfare or juvenile justice system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicaid Waiver Adoption for Youth With Complex Behavioral Health Care Needs: An Analysis of State Decision-Making

Graaf

Snowden

2020

Journal of Disability Policy Studies

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Many states have enacted Home- and Community-Based Services (HCBS) Medicaid waivers, which waive or expand Medicaid means tests to increase access to community-based public mental health services for youth with Serious Emotional Disturbance (SED). This study sought to understand key factors in State Mental Health Authorities and Medicaid Agency decision-making in adopting Medicaid waivers for youth with SED. Using purposive sampling to collect data through semi-structured interviews with officials from 37 state mental health systems, interviews focused on fiscal, historical, and political reasons for states’ adoption or rejection of Medicaid waivers to serve youth with SED. Results suggest that decisions around waiver adoption relate to the size and flexibility of state budgets, the sufficiency of existing public HCBS funding and services, political prioritization of children and families, states’ desire to move away from a reliance on residential care, and ideology related to the role of the state in providing for the welfare of children and families. Advocacy efforts promoting state waiver adoption can address apprehensions about budget constraints and providing financial assistance to non-poor families by emphasizing potential cost savings from residential diversion and ethical imperatives to keep children in their homes and communities.

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Mental Health Parity Legislation: Implications for Children and Youth With Serious Emotional Disturbance

Cited by 9 publications

References 56 publications

Medicaid waivers and public sector mental health service penetration rates for youth.

Medicaid waivers and public sector mental health service penetration rates for youth.

Mental Wellbeing and Boosting Resilience to Mitigate the Adverse Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Critical Narrative Review

Medicaid Waiver Adoption for Youth With Complex Behavioral Health Care Needs: An Analysis of State Decision-Making

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