Mentholated cigarettes decrease puff volume of smoke and increase carbon monoxide absorption

Jarvik, Murray E.; Tashkin, Donald P.; Caskey, Nicholas H.; McCarthy, William J.; Rosenblatt, Martin R.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(94)90302-6

Cited by 81 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…We have reported that AfricanAmericans take in significantly more nicotine (and, therefore, more tobacco smoke) per cigarette compared with whites (Perez-Stable et al, 1998). Some, but not all, researchers have reported higher carbon monoxide levels after smoking mentholated compared with nonmentholated cigarettes (Jarvik et al, 1994;McCarthy et al, 1995;Ahijevych et al, 1996;Ahijevych and Parsley, 1999). Ahijevych et al have also reported higher cotinine levels per cigarette smoked per day in smokers of mentholated compared with nonmentholated cigarettes, suggesting greater nicotine absorption per cigarette (Ahijevych and Parsley, 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 65%

Mentholated Cigarette Smoking Inhibits Nicotine Metabolism

Benowitz¹,

Herrera²,

Jacob³

2004

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

221

161

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Smoking mentholated cigarettes has been suggested to convey a greater cancer risk compared with smoking nonmentholated cigarettes. Two of the possible mechanisms by which mentholated cigarette smoking could increase risk are by increasing systemic exposure to tobacco smoke toxins and by affecting the metabolism of nicotine or tobacco smoke carcinogens. To examine these possibilities, we performed a crossover study in 14 healthy smokers, one-half of whom were African-Americans and one-half whites. Subjects were randomly assigned to smoke mentholated or nonmentholated cigarettes for 1 week, then to cross over to the other type of cigarettes for another week. Subjects were confined to a Clinical Research Center for 3 days of each week, during which time blood levels of nicotine and carbon monoxide were measured throughout the day and an intravenous infusion of deuterium-labeled nicotine and cotinine was administered to determine the rate and pathways of nicotine metabolism. The systemic intake of nicotine and carbon monoxide was, on average, not affected by mentholation of cigarettes. Mentholated cigarette smoking did significantly inhibit the metabolism of nicotine (clearance: 1289 versus 1431 ml/min, two sided, p ϭ 0.02). Inhibition of nicotine metabolism occurred both by slower oxidative metabolism to cotinine and by slower glucuronide conjugation. Our data do not support the hypothesis that mentholated cigarette smoking results in a greater absorption of tobacco smoke toxins. Our finding of impaired metabolism of nicotine while mentholated cigarette smoking suggests that mentholated cigarette smoking enhances systemic nicotine exposure.

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mentioning

confidence: 65%

Mentholated Cigarette Smoking Inhibits Nicotine Metabolism

Benowitz¹,

Herrera²,

Jacob³

2004

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

221

161

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“…Cigarette smoking topography parameters provide information regarding smoke constitute exposure through puff volume, puff duration, and lung exposure measures. Jarvik, Tashkin, McCarthy, & Rosenblatt (1994) reported no change in number of puffs taken from menthol cigarettes compared with regular and decreased puff volume but increased carbon monoxide absorption with menthol cigarettes. Ahijevych & Parsley (1999) found that menthol smokers had signifi cantly larger puff volumes and higher cotinine levels compared with nonmenthol smokers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Menthol on Nicotine Pharmacokinetics in Rats After Cigarette Smoke Inhalation

Abobo¹,

Ma²,

Liang³

2012

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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“…MCCARTHY et al (522) of the same research group as MILLER et al (520) and JARVIK et al (521) reported in a laboratory study with 29 males (18 of them preferring nonmentholated and 11 menthol cigarettes) that smokers of mentholated cigarettes took fewer puffs with smaller puff volumes compared to smokers of non-mentholated cigarettes, especially when the cigarettes were smoked rapidly. For evaluating the smoking topography of the subjects an experimental set-up was used like the one in the other studies of this research group (520,521). The authors found no significant menthol associated effects on heart rate, blood pressure and exhaled carbon monoxide levels under the conditions of the study.…”

Section: Influence Of Mentholated Cigarettes On Smoking Topography Anmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This manipulation may have produced unbalanced smoke taste and, consequently, influenced the smoking habits of the test persons. The potential of menthol to affect the depth of inhalation and the retention of inhaled cigarette smoke was investigated by JARVIK et al (521). Ten male menthol cigarette smokers and ten male smokers of menthol free cigarettes participated in the study.…”

Section: Influence Of Mentholated Cigarettes On Smoking Topography Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean unadjusted expired carbon monoxide level of menthol smokers was not significantly different from the level of non-menthol smokers (40.3 vs. 35.8 ppm). However, menthol in cigarette smoke had been described as a significant contributor to expired carbon monoxide levels after adjustment for the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the length of each cigarette smoked (521,522). CLARK et al (523) concluded that menthol in cigarette smoke was associated with higher serum cotinine levels and higher uptake of carbon monoxide.…”

Section: Influence Of Mentholated Cigarettes On Smoking Topography Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Additives on Cigarette Related Health Risks

Klus¹,

Scherer²,

Müller

2012

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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Tobacco additives play an important role in the manufacturing and for the quality of tobacco products, particularly cigarettes and roll-your-own tobaccos. Attention is increasingly given to the potential effects of additives on consumer behavior and health. This review is intended to compile, collate and - to some degree - evaluate the wealth of pertinent scientific information available from the published literature and other special sources. At first, the reasons are set forth for the use of additives in cigarette manufacturing. In response to the growing controversy over the attractiveness and addictiveness of smoking, the clarification of terms and concepts is followed by a detailed discussion of two kinds of substances with particular relevance: Additives like ammonium compounds that are claimed to increase nicotine availability, and additives that are claimed to increase nicotine addictiveness.The composition and toxicity of mainstream smoke of cigarettes with and without additives are assessed in several respects. The potentials of pyrolysis studies are explored by looking at a number of key studies and some basic considerations regarding in vitro and in vivo toxicity testing are addressed. Five major literature reviews on additives published between 1994 and 2004, and the results of several comprehensive experimental studies covering a large range of additives, released between 2002 and 2012, are dealt with in detail. Single tobacco additives of particular importance (menthol, glycerol, 1,2-propylene glycol, sorbitol, sugars, cocoa, licorice, citric acid, triacetin, and ammonium compounds) are discussed in dedicated chapters, which are generally subdivided into special sections: Use and toxicological assessment; inclusion level in cigarettes, transfer and pyrolysis; attractiveness and addictiveness; effect on cigarette mainstream smoke composition; effect on cigarette mainstream smoke toxicity. Epidemiological findings and data obtained by the biomonitoring of smokers consuming cigarettes with and without additives are compiled and interpreted specifically for American blend cigarettes, Virginia cigarettes, “French” (dark) cigarettes and menthol cigarettes whereby the focus is on the effects of additives on smoking topography and potential health risks.Opinionated reviews were published in recent years that are compromised by arbitrary selection of sources and unbalanced views. Leaving those unconsidered, the aggregated scientific knowledge shows that tobacco additives have only occasional and limited effects on cigarette mainstream smoke composition, which are almost never reflected in the results of toxicological in vitro assays or in vivo studies. This supports the conclusion that tobacco additives are not likely to increase the known health risks of smoking. There is also no evidence for sustaining claims that certain additives increase nicotine availability or nicotine addictiveness.

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Mentholated cigarettes decrease puff volume of smoke and increase carbon monoxide absorption

Cited by 81 publications

References 21 publications

Mentholated Cigarette Smoking Inhibits Nicotine Metabolism

Mentholated Cigarette Smoking Inhibits Nicotine Metabolism

Effect of Menthol on Nicotine Pharmacokinetics in Rats After Cigarette Smoke Inhalation

Influence of Additives on Cigarette Related Health Risks

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