Menyoroti Jurnalisme Warga: Lintasan Sejarah, Konflik Kepentingan, dan Keterkaitannya dengan Jurnalisme Profesional

Abstract

Citizen journalism is the process of producing information that ordinary citizens do for events that occur around them in various media. Although it looks egalitarian and inclusive, in reality, the practice of citizen journalism is lame and discriminatory. This article shows the beginnings of the journey of citizen journalism and what things are behind it. This study aims to provide an alternative view of the initial presence of citizen journalism, both in the world and in Indonesia. Data were obtained through interviews with stakeholders who understood the early history of citizen journalism, observation, documents, and literature. Citizen journalism is a long-standing practice, even older as journalism itself. Citizen journalism arises because of criticism professional journalism which is in favor of certain political interests and is too market-oriented; the development of internet technology; situations where professional journalism from its inception cannot be separated from citizens; and the profit motive. Behind it all, the big interests that imagine it are journalism itself (professional journalism), democracy (freedom of expression and opinion), and markets. All three are interrelated in motivating the presence of citizen journalism.

Kajian Analisis Kritis Norman Fairclough Dalam Pemberitaan Project Multatuli “Wadon Wadas Menjaga Alam Untuk Anak-Cucu”

“…Keberpihakan dimaknai sebagai sesuatu yang negatif. Ruangan redaksi idealnya tidak dipengaruhi oleh agenda politik, pemilik modal, pemasang iklan, editor, hingga jurnalis dan wartawan itu sendiri (Eddyono, et al, 2019).…”

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“…Citizen Journalism atau yang dikenal juga dengan jurnalisme warga merupakan sebuah proses produksi informasi atau peristiwa yang ada disekitar kehidupan sehari hari yang dilakukan oleh warga negara melalui berbagai media. (Eddyono et al, 2019) Media yang dimaksudkan tidak hanya media resmi dari kantor berita atau media masa, tetapi juga bisa dilakukan melalui berbagai media sosial yang dimiliki oleh warga negara. Selain itu jurnalisme warga bisa kitakan sebagai berita yang dikirimkan oleh warga biasa tanpa memiliki latarbelakang jurnalisme, ini juga dikenal dengan civic journalism yang merupakan sebuah perlawanan terhadap media public yang muncul…”

The Implications of Press Regulation Towards the Citizen Journalism Phenomenon in Indonesia

“…Citizen journalism is a media for empowering small groups of citizens who are marginalized from other community groups to participate in sharing information as a form of freedom of expression. Meanwhile, according to Hicks in Nassarullah [13] citizen-journalists are regular people who contribute to news reporting, not for monetary reward, but because they have a particular interest in a topic, and Pepih Nugraha [14] say that, citizen journalism is an ordinary citizen who finds an event and then covers, records, collects, writes, and broadcasts in online media. He also mentions that citizen journalism does not only work as a journalist but also as an editor and publisher.…”