Structurally different chiral ruthenium complexes were used in the asymmetric hydrogenation of methyl acetoacetate to methyl (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate. The naphthalene and dioxazole biphosphine structure variations revealed a strong effect on the reaction rate and the parameter of enantioselectivity. The highest optical yields were achieved with catalysts bearing two metal centers and comprising the quaternary ammonium ionic character.