MERA India: Malaria Elimination Research Alliance India

Rahi, Manju; Anvikar, Anupkumar R.; Singh, O. P.; Jambulingam, P.; Vijayachari, P.; Das, Ashim; Narain, Kanwar; Gangakhedkar, R. R.; Dhingra, Neeraj; Bhargava, Balram

doi:10.4103/0972-9062.257766

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Despite the significant strides India has made in decreasing malaria mortality and morbidity in the last two decades (from 2000 to 2019, malaria cases and deaths have declined by 71.8 and 73.9 %, respectively) [ 27 ], malaria remains a serious public health issue in several parts of the country. The NVBDCP has developed a comprehensive strategic plan to achieve malaria-free India by 2030 [ 28 ]. For devising effective malaria control and elimination strategies, understanding the socio-economic and household variables that affect malaria transmission is imperative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 93% of the population in India are at risk of malaria [ 7 ]. From 2000 to 2017, malaria morbidity and mortality in India have declined by 59 and 89%, respectively [ 8 ]. In India, malaria is transmitted by several Anopheles spp., and the geography determines the primary Anopheles vector; Anopheles stephensi , Anopheles culicifacies , Anopheles dirus , Anopheles fluviatilis , Anopheles minimus and Anopheles sundaicus are considered to be the primary malaria vectors in India [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) launched the National Framework for Malaria Elimination in India (2016–2030) in 2016 with two major goals: (1) Eliminating malaria throughout India by 2030 and (2) Maintaining malaria-free status in regions where malaria transmission is disrupted, and preventing re-introduction of malaria [ 11 ]. Furthermore, Malaria Elimination Research Alliance has been launched under the umbrella of Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) to “ identify, articulate, prioritize and respond to the research needs of the country to eliminate malaria from India by 2030 ” [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Socio-economic and household determinants of malaria in adults aged 45 and above: analysis of longitudinal ageing survey in India, 2017–2018

Mohan

Kodali

Chellappan³

et al. 2021

Malar J

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Background Even though malaria cases have drastically come down in the last decade, malaria remains a serious public health concern in many parts of India. National Framework for Malaria Elimination in India (2016–2030) has been launched with the goal to eliminate malaria by 2030. Understanding the socio-economic and household determinants of malaria at the national level will greatly aid India’s malaria elimination efforts. Methods The data from Longitudinal Ageing Survey of India (LASI) Wave 1 (2017–2018) survey comprising 70,671 respondents ≥ 45 years across all the States and Union Territories were used for the analysis. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to obtain the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio respectively of the socio-economic and household variables. Results The major socio-economic variables that increase the likelihood of malaria are caste (‘scheduled tribes’), low education levels and rural residence. The scheduled tribes have 1.8 times higher odds of malaria than the scheduled castes (AOR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.5–2.1). Respondents with high school education (6–12 grade) (AOR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.6–0.8) and college education (AOR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.4–0.6) had a very low risk of malaria than those with no school years. Rural residence and occupation (agriculture and allied jobs) also increases the odds of malaria. The major housing determinants are household size (≥ 6), housing type (kutcha), use of unclean fuel, outside water source, improper sanitation (toilet facilities) and damp wall/ceiling. Conclusions The study has identified the major socio-economic and housing factors associated with malaria in adults aged 45 and above. In addition to vector and parasite control strategies in the tribal dominated regions of India, improving literacy and housing conditions may help India’s malaria elimination efforts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Socio-economic and household determinants of malaria in adults aged 45 and above: analysis of longitudinal ageing survey in India, 2017–2018

Mohan

Kodali

Chellappan³

et al. 2021

Malar J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Despite the signi cant strides India has made in decreasing malaria mortality and morbidity in the last two decades (from 2000 to 2019, malaria cases and deaths have declined by 71.8% and 73.9% respectively) [23], malaria remains a serious public health issue in several parts of the country. The NVBDCP has developed a comprehensive strategic plan to achieve malaria-free India by 2030 [24]. For devising effective malaria control and elimination strategies, understanding the socio-economic and household variables that affect malaria transmission is imperative.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Malaria In Adults ≥45 Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-economic and Household Determinants of Malaria in Adults Aged 45 and Above: Analysis of Longitudinal Ageing Survey in India (2017-2018)

Mohan

Kodali

Chellappan³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundEven though malaria cases have drastically come down in the last decade, malaria remains a serious public health concern in many parts of India. National Framework for Malaria Elimination in India (2016-30) has been launched with the goal to eliminate malaria by 2030. Understanding the socio-economic and household determinants of malaria at the national level will greatly aid in India’s malaria elimination efforts.MethodsThe data from Longitudinal Ageing Survey of India (LASI) Wave 1 (2017-2019) survey comprising 70671 respondents ≥45 years across all the States and Union Territories were used for analysis.Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to obtain the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio respectively of the socio-economic and household variables.ResultsThe major socio-economic variables that increase the likelihood of malaria are caste (Schedule Tribes), rural residence and low education levels.The scheduled tribes have 1.8 times higher odds of malaria than the scheduled castes (AOR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.5-2.1). Respondents withhigh school education (6-12 grade) (AOR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.6-0.8) and college education (AOR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.4-0.6) had a very low risk of malaria than those with no school years. Rural residence and occupation (agriculture and allied jobs) also increases the odds of malaria. The major housing determinants are household size (≥6), housing type (kutcha), use of unclean fuel, outside water source, improper sanitation (toilet facilities) and damp wall/ceiling.ConclusionsIn addition to vector and parasite control strategies, improving literacy and housing conditions, especially in tribal dominated regions will greatly aid in India’s malaria elimination efforts.

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“…As per WHO, 93% of the population in India are at risk of malaria [18]. From 2000 to 2017, malaria morbidity and mortality in India have declined by 59% (2.03 million cases to 0.84 million) and 89% (932 deaths to 103) respectively [19]. While malaria has declined, dengue cases have continued to increase in India; from an incidence of 6.34/million in 1998-2009 to 34.81/million in 2010-2014 [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of climate change and deforestation on vector borne diseases in the North-Eastern Indian state of Mizoram bordering Myanmar

Balasubramani

Sarma²,

Lalmalsawma

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Malaria and dengue are the two major vector-borne diseases in Mizoram. Malaria is endemic in Mizoram, and dengue was first reported only in 2012. It is well documented that climate change has a direct influence on the incidence and spread of vector-borne diseases. The study was designed to study the trends and impact of climate variables (temperature, rainfall and humidity) in the monsoon period (May to September) and deforestation on the incidence of dengue and malaria in Mizoram. Methods Temperature, rainfall and humidity data of Mizoram from 1979–2013 were obtained from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis and analyzed. Forest cover data of Mizoram was extracted from India State of Forest Report (IFSR) and Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Centre. Percent tree cover datasets of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer missions were also used to study the association between deforestation and incidence of vector-borne diseases. The study used non-parametric tests to estimate long-term trends in the climate (temperature, rainfall, humidity) and forest cover variables. The trend and its magnitude are estimated through Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope method. Year-wise dengue and malaria data were obtained from the State Vector Borne Disease Control Program, Mizoram. Results The Mann-Kendall test indicates that compared to maximum temperature, minimum temperature during the monsoon period is increasing (p < 0.001). The Sen’s slope estimation also shows an average annual 0.020C (0.01–0.03 at 95% CI) monotonic increasing trend of minimum temperature. The residuals of Sen’s estimate show that temperature is increasing at an average of about 0.10C/year after 2007.Trends indicate that both rainfall and humidity are increasing (p <. 0.001); on an average, there is a 20.45 mm increase in monsoon rainfall per year (5.90–34.37 at 95% CI), while there is a 0.08% (0.02–0.18 at 95% CI) increase in relative humidity annually. IFSR data shows that there is an annual average decrease of 162 sq.km (272.81–37.53 at 95% CI, p < 0.001) in the dense forest cover. Mizoram in 2012 was the last state in India to report the incidence of dengue. Malaria transmission continues to be stable in Mizoram; compared to 2007, the cases have increased in 2019. Conclusion Over the study period, there is an ~ 0.80C rise in the minimum temperature in the monsoon season which could have facilitated the establishment of Aedes aegypti, the major dengue vector in Mizoram. In addition, the increase in rainfall and humidity may have also helped the biology of Ae. aegypti. Deforestation could be one of the major factors responsible for the consistently high number of malaria cases in Mizoram.

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MERA India: Malaria Elimination Research Alliance India

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Socio-economic and household determinants of malaria in adults aged 45 and above: analysis of longitudinal ageing survey in India, 2017–2018

Socio-economic and household determinants of malaria in adults aged 45 and above: analysis of longitudinal ageing survey in India, 2017–2018

Socio-economic and Household Determinants of Malaria in Adults Aged 45 and Above: Analysis of Longitudinal Ageing Survey in India (2017-2018)

Effect of climate change and deforestation on vector borne diseases in the North-Eastern Indian state of Mizoram bordering Myanmar

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