Mercury control technologies for MWC's: The unanswered questions

Krivanek, C.Stephen

doi:10.1016/0304-3894(95)00105-0

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The MWI emitted nearly 95% of its emissions as Hg(II). Krivanek (1996) found that some facilities in US meet the standards for Hg emissions from MWIs without additional controls (e.g. refuse derived fuel combustors) whereas most of the facilities did not conform to the standards.…”

Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Toxic Environmental Releases from Medical Waste Incineration: A Review

Singh

Prakash

2007

Environ Monit Assess

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Toxic releases from medical waste incineration comprising organic emissions such as polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxin/furan (PCDD/Fs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), inorganic emissions and ashes containing toxic metals have been reviewed. Attempts made by various investigators to reduce/eliminate emissions have also been included. Legislations concerning emission standards for medical waste incinerators have been discussed.

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Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Toxic Environmental Releases from Medical Waste Incineration: A Review

Singh

Prakash

2007

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Water containing 35% acetone was used to capture mercury vapor while the spent lamps were decapped. Krivanek [19] reviewed three mercury control technologies: activated carbon injection, sodium sulfide injection, and wet scrubbing for municipal waste combustors (MWCs). It was concluded that these technologies suffered from disadvantages or potential deficiencies as the amount of mercury released from the combustor was still taking place after using these mercury control technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LCA of spent fluorescent lamps in Thailand at various rates of recycling

Apisitpuvakul

Piumsomboon

Watts

et al. 2008

Journal of Cleaner Production

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“…FF system in the combustion of MSW and STS removed gaseous mercury more effectively than their estimation. As summarized by Krivanek (1996), the mechanisms of mercury removal in APCDs are very complicated and have still many unknown questions. Limited monitoring results make it difficult to explain higher emission reduction efficiency than reported estimates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric mercury emissions from waste combustions measured by continuous monitoring devices

Takahashi

Shimaoka

Kida

2012

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Atmospheric mercury emissions have attracted great attention owing to adverse impact of mercury on human health and the ecosystem. Although waste combustion is one of major anthropogenic sources, estimated emission might have large uncertainty due to great heterogeneity of wastes. This study investigated atmospheric emissions of speciated mercury from the combustions of municipal solid wastes (MSW), sewage treatment sludge (STS), STS with waste plastics, industrial waste mixtures (IWM), waste plastics from construction demolition, and woody wastes using continuous monitoring devices. Reactive gaseous mercury was the major form at the inlet side of air pollution control devices in all combustion cases. Its concentration was 2.0-70.6 times larger than elemental mercury concentration. In particular, MSW, STS, and IWM combustions emitted higher concentration of reactive gaseous mercury. Concentrations of both gaseous mercury species varied greatly for all waste combustions excluding woody waste. Variation coefficients of measured data were nearly equal to or more than 1.0. Emission factors of gaseous elemental mercury, reactive gaseous mercury, and total mercury were calculated using continuous monitoring data. Total mercury emission factors are 0.30 g-Hg/Mg for MSW combustion, 0.21 g-Hg/Mg for STS combustion, 0.077 g-Hg/Mg for STS with waste plastics, 0.724 g-Hg/Mg for industrial waste mixtures, 0.028 g-Hg/Mg for waste plastic combustion, and 0.0026 g-Hg/Mg for woody waste combustion. All emission factors evaluated in this study were comparable or lower than other reported data. Emission inventory using old emission factors likely causes an overestimation.

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Mercury control technologies for MWC's: The unanswered questions

Cited by 23 publications

References 14 publications

Toxic Environmental Releases from Medical Waste Incineration: A Review

Toxic Environmental Releases from Medical Waste Incineration: A Review

LCA of spent fluorescent lamps in Thailand at various rates of recycling

Atmospheric mercury emissions from waste combustions measured by continuous monitoring devices

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