Mercury deposition and sources for the upper great lakes region

Glass, Gary E.; Sorensen, John A.; Schmidt, Kent W.; Rapp, George; Yap, D.; Fraser, D.

doi:10.1007/bf00342274

Cited by 53 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Precipitation chemistry is often observed to be influenced by precipitation amount. Notably, studies have shown a "washout" effect during rain where mercury concentrations are highest at the beginning of an event and then decrease over time (e.g., Glass et al, 1991), an effect attributed to scavenging of Hg P and gaseous species (especially RGM) (Poissant and Pilote, 1998;Schroeder and Munthe, 1998). In fact, highest THg concentrations have been observed during smallest precipitation events in our study (log of THg negatively correlated with log of precipitation amount; r 2 = 0.59, p < 0.01), an effect reported in many other studies as well (e.g., Lamborg et al, 1995;Mason et al, 1997;Landis et al, 2002;Lyman and Gustin, 2008).…”

Section: Wet Deposition Of Atmospheric Mercurymentioning

confidence: 98%

Whole-watershed mercury balance at Sagehen Creek, Sierra Nevada, CA

Faïn

Obrist

Pierce

et al. 2011

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Section: Wet Deposition Of Atmospheric Mercurymentioning

confidence: 98%

Whole-watershed mercury balance at Sagehen Creek, Sierra Nevada, CA

Faïn

Obrist

Pierce

et al. 2011

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…[30] In southeastern Canada typical concentrations of mercury in precipitation and the particulate phase are near 5-10 ng L À1 and 10 pg m À3 respectively [Merle, 1990;Shannon and Voldner, 1995;Poissant and Pilote, 1998;Glass et al, 1991]. Also in southeastern Canada, cloud water concentrations at elevations of about 900 m of species such as SO 4 2À , NO 3 À and NH 4 À are on average 4 to 6 times greater than seen in precipitation [e.g., Schemenauer et al, 1995].…”

Section: Role Of Cloudsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical distribution of gaseous elemental mercury in Canada

Banic¹,

Beauchamp²,

Tordon³

et al. 2003

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Measurements of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) were made in three locations in Canada at altitudes from 0.1 to 7 km. In the summer in southeastern Canada, northwesterly winds bring air with a constant mixing ratio of GEM at altitudes up to 7 km, with a concentration near 1.5 nanograms per standard cubic meter of air (ng sm À3 ). In the winter in southern and central Ontario the mixing ratio is still approximately constant with altitude, but the concentration is 1.7 ng sm À3 . In the spring in the Arctic the concentration of gaseous elemental mercury at altitudes above 1 km is near 1.7 ng sm À3 ; however, there is evidence of episodic depletion of elemental mercury near the surface with mixing of depleted air to altitudes of 1 km. Measurements of GEM in cloud interstitial air and of mercury in cloud water indicate that the influence of a single cycling of air through cloud has little effect on the concentration of GEM. The GEM in air masses transported over the relatively unpopulated terrain of northern Canada during the summer indicates a lower limit of 5000 ng m À2 for an atmospheric column from the surface to 5 km. This gives a global burden of at least 2500 t for that altitude range. These data demonstrate the existence of a vast pool of mercury aloft, provide evidence for a long atmospheric lifetime, and illustrate the potential for long-range atmospheric transport of this metal at altitudes up to at least 7 km.

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“…Atmospheric deposition of mercury onto lakes and their catchments is thought to be the primary source of mercury to these remote lakes (Mierle 1990;Sorensen et al 1990;Glass et al 1991;Swain et al 1992). Even so, mercury levels in fish are highly variable from lake to lake within a single region and differences in the physical and Iimnological characteristics of lakes and their catchments contribute to this variability.…”

Section: • •mentioning

confidence: 99%