Mercury Emissions from Cement-Stabilized Dredged Material

Goodrow, Sandra M.; Miskewitz, Robert; Hires, Richard I.; Eisenreich, Steven J.; Douglas, W. Scott; Reinfelder, John R.

doi:10.1021/es058021m

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Ambient TGM concentrations measured 4.3 m above the Secaucus High School Marsh ranged from 1.4 to 5.1 ng m −3 (Table 2). The average summertime concentration of TGM at the Secaucus site (2.5 ng m −3 ) was similar to that observed in Bayonne, New Jersey (2.2 ng m −3 ) 18 km to the south [ Goodrow et al , 2005] and Elizabeth, New Jersey (2.3 ng m −3 ) 23 km to the south–southwest [ Aucott et al , 2009]. Ambient TGM concentrations measured 3.2 m above the marsh surface at the Great Bay estuary site ranged from 2.3 to 3.4 ng m −3 (Table 3).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Vertical fluxes of gaseous mercury were estimated from measured vertical concentration gradients of TGM and calculated friction velocities and atmospheric stability correction factors in a modified form of the Thornthwaite‐Holzmann equation [ Majewski et al , 1991; Goodrow et al , 2005]:

where F Hg is the land‐air mercury flux (ng m −2 h −1 ), u* is the friction velocity, κ is the von Karman constant, Hg 1 and Hg 2 are the TGM concentrations (ng m −3 ) at heights z 1 (lower) and z 2 (upper) above the ground, and ϕ W is the atmospheric stability correction factor for water vapor [ Thornthwaite and Holzman , 1939; Dyer and Hicks , 1970; Majewski et al , 1991]. The atmospheric stability correction factor for water vapor was used as a surrogate for that of mercury.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Percent gradients were calculated as:

where Hg 1 –Hg 2 is the vertical TGM concentration gradient (ng m −3 ) and Hg 1 is the TGM concentration (ng m −3 ) at the lower sample height [ Kim and Kim , 1999; Goodrow et al , 2005]. Samples with percent TGM gradients less than 2.6% (twice the relative analytical uncertainty) in the Secaucus High School Marsh and less than 0.72% in the Great Bay estuary were assigned vertical TGM fluxes of zero.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objectives of this study were to estimate mercury volatilization fluxes from contaminated and nonpoint source impacted tidally exposed salt marsh sediments. Total gaseous mercury (TGM) fluxes were estimated on six different days at the mercury‐impacted Secaucus High School Marsh in the New Jersey Meadowlands and continuously over 48 h at a regional background site in the Great Bay estuary in southeastern New Jersey using the micrometeorological technique [ Lee et al , 2000; Lindberg and Meyers , 2001; Lindberg et al , 2002; Goodrow et al , 2005]. In contrast to flux chamber measurements, micrometeorological methods provide spatially averaged fluxes that include the effects of ambient air turbulence, which is an important factor driving the volatilization of gases from terrestrial surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mercury volatilization from salt marsh sediments

Smith

Reinfelder

2009

J. Geophys. Res.

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Estimated daytime sediment-air mercury volatilization fluxes at the Secaucus High School Marsh ranged from À375 to +677 ng m À2 h À1 and were positive (land to air flux) in 16 out of 20 measurement events. At the Great Bay estuary, mercury fluxes measured continuously over a 48-h period ranged from À34 to +81 ng m À2 h À1 and were positive during the day and negative at night. At both sites, mercury volatilization fluxes peaked at midday, and cumulative mercury fluxes exhibited strong positive correlations with cumulative solar radiation (r 2 = 0.97, p < 0.01) consistent with a light-driven mercury volatilization efficiency of about 15 ng Hg mol PAR À1 or about 0.06 ng Hg kJ À1 . No significant correlations were found between mercury fluxes and wind speed, air temperature, or tide height at either site. Thus despite a tenfold difference in sediment mercury concentration, photochemistry appears to be the dominant factor controlling mercury volatilization from these salt marsh sediments. The average mercury volatilization flux estimated for the Great Bay salt marsh in this study (17 ng m À2 h À1 ) compares well with other micrometeorological mercury fluxes for nonpoint source contaminated salt marsh and forest soils (8-18 ng m À2 h À1 ) and is more than 10 times higher than the average mercury emission flux from land ($1 ng m À2 h À1

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Percent gradients were calculated as:

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mercury volatilization from salt marsh sediments

Smith

Reinfelder

2009

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Wide differences in TGM concentrations have also been found on shorter time scales; in one study "spikes" of elevated TGM up to a level of 54 ng m −3 were observed lasting from 15 min to a few hours (Goodrow et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ambient elemental, reactive gaseous, and particle-bound mercury concentrations in New Jersey, U.S.: measurements and associations with wind direction

Aucott

Caldarelli

Zsolway

et al. 2008

Environ Monit Assess

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Two and a half years of data of ambient concentrations of elemental mercury (Hg(0)), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM), and particle-bound mercury (Hg(p)) were collected at measurement sites at Elizabeth, New Jersey and New Brunswick, New Jersey with Tekran sampling units. The data were processed, summarized, and analyzed from a variety of perspectives. Data quality control and quality assurance procedures are described. Wind direction and wind speed data for each of the sites were also collected. Significant temporal variations in concentrations of all three species were observed. Some significant directional variations were also seen. The sporadic nature of many of the temporal variations is consistent with and could reflect highly variable emissions patterns from anthropogenic mercury sources. Overall mean concentrations of all species were determined. These were, for Hg(0), Hg(p), and RGM respectively; 2.25 +/- 0.04 nanograms per cubic meter (ng/m(3)), 8.21 +/- 0.39 picograms per cubic meter (pg/m(3)), and 8.93 +/- 0.31 pg/m(3) (arithmetic means and 95% confidence intervals) at Elizabeth, and 2.15 +/- 0.02 ng/m(3), 10.73 +/- 0.45 pg/m(3), and 6.04 +/- 0.30 pg/m(3) at New Brunswick. Mean concentrations were determined for 16 different sectors representing wind directions. The impact of one known large source is suggested by these data. Reasons for some directional variations are not apparent and suggest a need for further investigation.

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Heavy Metal Immobilization through Phosphate and Thermal Treatment of Dredged Sediments

Ndiba

Axe

Boonfueng

2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Disposal of dredged sediments is expensive and poses a major challenge for harbor dredging projects. Therefore beneficial reuse of these sediments as construction material is highly desirable assuming contaminants such as heavy metals are immobilized and organics are mineralized. In this research, the effect of the addition of 2.5% phosphate, followed by thermal treatment at 700 degrees C, was investigated for metal contaminants in dredged sediments. Specifically, Zn speciation was evaluated, using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), by applying principal component analysis (PCA), target transformation (TT), and linear combination fit (LCF) to identify the main phases and their combination from an array of reference compounds. In dredged sediments, Zn was present as smithsonite (67%) and adsorbed to hydrous manganese oxides (18%) and hydrous iron oxides (15%). Phosphate addition resulted in precipitation of hopeite (22%), while calcination induced formation of spinels, gahnite (44%), and franklinite (34%). Although calcination was previously used to agglomerate phosphate phases by sintering, we found that it formed sparingly soluble Zn phases. Results from the U.S. EPA toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) confirmed both phosphate addition and calcination reduced leachability of heavy metals with the combined treatment achieving up to an 89% reduction.

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Mercury Emissions from Cement-Stabilized Dredged Material

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Mercury volatilization from salt marsh sediments

Mercury volatilization from salt marsh sediments

Ambient elemental, reactive gaseous, and particle-bound mercury concentrations in New Jersey, U.S.: measurements and associations with wind direction

Heavy Metal Immobilization through Phosphate and Thermal Treatment of Dredged Sediments

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