Mercury

Berlin, Maths; Zalups, Rudolfs K.; Fowler, Bruce A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59453-2.00046-9

Cited by 47 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 613 publications

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“…23 Elemental Hg (Hg 0 ) can be derived from old clinical thermometers, thermostats, latex paint and dental amalgams. [55][56][57] In the general population, dental amalgams represent the primary source of exposure to inorganic Hg. 58 Inorganic Hg (Hg salts) has been reported in teething powders, cosmetic products, antiseptics, diuretics and laxatives.…”

Section: Inorganic Mercurymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mercury exposure and its effects on fertility and pregnancy outcome

Bjørklund

Chirumbolo

Dadar

et al. 2019

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Mercury (Hg), a highly toxic environmental pollutant, shows harmfulness which still represents a big concern for human health, including hazards to fertility and pregnancy outcome. Research has shown that Hg could induce impairments in the reproductive function, cellular deformation of the Leydig cells and the seminiferous tubules, and testicular degeneration as well as abnormal menstrual cycles. Some studies investigated spontaneous abortion and complicated fertility outcome due to occupational Hg exposure. Moreover, there is a relation between inhaled Hg vapour and reproductive outcome. This MiniReview evaluates the hypothesis that exposure to Hg may increase the risk of reduced fertility, spontaneous abortion and congenital deficits or abnormalities.

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Section: Inorganic Mercurymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, good clinical data on the adverse effects of Hg on human spermatogenesis are still lacking. 57…”

Section: Bjørklund Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury exposure and its effects on fertility and pregnancy outcome

Bjørklund

Chirumbolo

Dadar

et al. 2019

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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“…Its molecular mechanism of toxicity is unusually broad. Since it binds sulfhydryls, which are ubiquitously found in the proteins and peptides distributed throughout the body, its toxic effects can affect any organ system (Berlin et al 2015). Many studies have shown that Hg is a developmental neurotoxicant in both humans and animals.…”

Section: Mercury (Hg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mercury (Hg) toxicity can be complex and nonlinear (Berlin et al 2015). Its molecular mechanism of toxicity is unusually broad.…”

Section: Mercury (Hg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies suggest that developing males are more sensitive to Hg exposure than developing females (Khan et al 2012;Woods et al 2014 Elemental mercury vapor (Hg 0 ), such as that which is released from dental amalgams, which are roughly 50: 50 mixtures of elemental Hg and elemental silver (Ag) containing minor amounts of other metals (e.g., Copper [Cu]) is uncharged and is thus lipophilic. Hg 0 is rapidly distributed throughout the body, passing easily through cell membranes, and is then oxidized into the divalently charged form of mercury (Hg 2+ ), which can be trapped inside cells (Berlin et al 2015).…”

Section: Mercury (Hg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental neurotoxicants and the vulnerable male brain: a systematic review of suspected neurotoxicants that disproportionally affect males

Kern¹,

Homme

King³

et al. 2017

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs), including autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, tic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and emotional disturbances, has increased notably in the past few decades.To date, debate continues as to the origins of NDs. Increases in widespread exposure to and bioaccumulation of chemical neurotoxicants have paralleled the upsurge in NDs, and are suggested to be causal agents for NDs. One consistent aspect of NDs is the male preponderance. This review considers the issue of male preponderance by reviewing the gender-specific neurotoxic effects of recognized neurotoxicant chemicals to assess their possible etiology in NDs. This investigation consisted of a systematic literature review of original studies published from 1970-2016 on suspected neurotoxicants, to examine whether they have a disproportionate adverse effect based on gender. Based on that review, the neurotoxicants exhibiting consistent gender-specific effects, with exposed males being more affected (than similarly exposed females), were: lead, Thimerosal/ethylmercury, some organochlorine pesticides (e.g., dieldrin, endosulfan, and heptachlor), and air pollution. The next group identified were neurotoxicants exhibiting gender-specific neurotoxic effects, with males being somewhat (but not consistently) more affected than females: mercury vapor, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organophosphate pesticides. Finally, there was a group of studies in which the neurotoxicants exhibited apparent gender-related neurotoxic effects but failed to show whether exposed males were consistently more affected than females: inorganic mercury salts, methylmercury species, and certain endocrine disruptors (e.g., phthalates and BPA). The overall conclusion from the studies reviewed was that the brain in males is more vulnerable to many toxic exposures than it is in females. Evidence suggests that the reasons for the male brain being more vulnerable include:(1) greater glutathione availability in females; (2) greater sulfate-based detoxification capacity in females; (3) potentiating effects of co-exposure to neurotoxicants and testosterone; (4) greater neuroinflammatory response in males; (5) reduced vulnerability to oxidative stress in females; and (6) neuroprotective effects of female hormones (estrogen and progesterone), especially in the reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress.

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