Mercury, monomethyl mercury, and dissolved organic carbon concentrations in surface water entering and exiting constructed wetlands treated with metal-based coagulants, Twitchell Island, California

Stumpner, Elizabeth B.; Kraus, Tamara E.C.; Fleck, Jacob A.; Hansen, Angela M.; Bachand, Sandra M.; Horwáth, William R.; DeWild, John F.; Krabbenhoft, David P.; Bachand, Philip A.M.

doi:10.3133/ds950

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Methods to measure nutrients (

{NH}_{4}^{+}

{NO}_{3}^{-}

, nitrite [NO 2 − ], and soluble reactive phosphorus [SRP]), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and Chl a in the discrete water samples followed Parker et al (2012 a ; see Supporting Information for details). DOC concentrations were determined by high‐temperature catalytic combustion (Stumpner et al ). TSS concentrations were determined by filtering known volumes of sample water through 0.3 μ m glass fiber filters, then measuring the dry weight of material retained on the filter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A river‐scale Lagrangian experiment examining controls on phytoplankton dynamics in the presence and absence of treated wastewater effluent high in ammonium

Kraus

Carpenter

Bergamaschi

et al. 2017

Limnology & Oceanography

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Phytoplankton are critical component of the food web in most large rivers and estuaries, and thus identifying dominant controls on phytoplankton abundance and species composition is important to scientists, managers, and policymakers. Recent studies from a variety of systems indicate that ammonium (NH 1 4 ) in treated wastewater effluent decreases primary production and alters phytoplankton species composition. However, these findings are based mainly on laboratory and enclosure studies, which may not adequately represent natural systems. To test effects of effluent high in ammonium on phytoplankton at the ecosystem scale, we conducted whole-river-scale experiments by halting discharges to the Sacramento River from the regional wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), and used a Lagrangian approach to compare changes in phytoplankton abundance and species composition in the presence (1EFF) and absence (2EFF) of effluent. Over 5 d of downstream travel from 20 km above to 50 km below the WWTP, chlorophyll concentrations declined from 15-25 to 2.5 lg L 21 , irrespective of effluent addition. Benthic diatoms were dominant in most samples. We found no significant difference in phytoplankton abundance or species composition between 1EFF and 2EFF conditions. Moreover, greatest declines in chlorophyll occurred upstream of the WWTP where NH 1 4 concentrations were low. Grazing by clams and zooplankton could not account for observed losses, suggesting other factors such as hydrodynamics and light limitation were responsible for phytoplankton declines. These results highlight the advantages of conducting ecosystem-scale, Lagrangian-based experiments to understand the dynamic and complex interplay between physical, chemical, and biological factors that control phytoplankton populations.

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“…Methods to measure nutrients (

{NH}_{4}^{+}

{NO}_{3}^{-}

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A river‐scale Lagrangian experiment examining controls on phytoplankton dynamics in the presence and absence of treated wastewater effluent high in ammonium

Kraus

Carpenter

Bergamaschi

et al. 2017

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…As a result, NRZs can affect concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic N (DIN), dissolved organic N (DON), and reduced metal species (Du Laing et al 2009;Yabusaki et al 2017). Past work has shown that both trace elements and organo-metal complexes, like methylmercury, can be mobilized in Delta soils (Alpers et al 2014;Bachand et al 2019;Stumpner et al 2015). As such, island drainage in the Delta may contribute seasonally important fluxes of both oxidized and reduced N species as well as other macronutrients and trace elements mobilized in wet-dry cycled NRZs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient and Trace Element Contributions from Drained Islands in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California

Richardson¹,

Fackrell²,

Kraus³

et al. 2022

SFEWS

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Inventorying nutrient and trace element sources in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta) is critical to understanding how changes—including alterations to point source inputs such as upgrades to the Sacramento Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant (SRWTP) and landscape-scale changes related to wetland restoration—may alter the Delta’s water quality. While island drains are a ubiquitous feature of the Delta, limited data exist to evaluate island drainage mass fluxes in this system. To better constrain inputs from island drains, we measured monthly discharge along with nutrient and trace element concentrations in island drainage on three Delta islands and surrounding rivers from June 2017 to September 2018. These data were used to calculate island-level fluxes and then upscaled to estimate Delta-wide contributions from island drains. Based on these results, we present (1) new estimates of gross and net nutrient and trace element fluxes from Delta island drains, and (2) concomitant N stable isotope data to improve our understanding of island N cycling. Over 60% of nearly all island drainage gross nutrient and trace element loads occurred in winter and spring. Upscaled island drainage net annual total nitrogen (TN), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), and NH4+ loads comprised an estimated 9%, 7%, and 4%, respectively, of annual inputs to this system in 2018, before the SRWTP upgrade. Under a post-upgrade scenario, we estimated net annual island drainage TDN contributions to increase to 11% and NH4+ contributions to 45% of total Delta inputs as the SRWTP NH4+ load diminished to near zero. Our results suggest that island drainage is a measurable N source that has likely become increasingly important now that the SRWTP upgrade is complete. With over 200 potential active outfalls, these inputs may affect aquatic biogeochemical cycling in many regions of the Delta, especially in areas with long residence times.

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Aluminum- and iron-based coagulation for in-situ removal of dissolved organic carbon, disinfection byproducts, mercury and other constituents from agricultural drain water

Bachand¹,

Kraus

Stern³

et al. 2019

Ecological Engineering

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Mercury, monomethyl mercury, and dissolved organic carbon concentrations in surface water entering and exiting constructed wetlands treated with metal-based coagulants, Twitchell Island, California

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

A river‐scale Lagrangian experiment examining controls on phytoplankton dynamics in the presence and absence of treated wastewater effluent high in ammonium

A river‐scale Lagrangian experiment examining controls on phytoplankton dynamics in the presence and absence of treated wastewater effluent high in ammonium

Nutrient and Trace Element Contributions from Drained Islands in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California

Aluminum- and iron-based coagulation for in-situ removal of dissolved organic carbon, disinfection byproducts, mercury and other constituents from agricultural drain water

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