Mesenchymal Stem Cell Magnetization: Magnetic Multilayer Microcapsule Uptake, Toxicity, Impact on Functional Properties, and Perspectives for Magnetic Delivery

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in cell therapy due to their convenience, multiline differentiation potential, reproducible protocols, and biological properties. The potential of MSCs to impregnate magnetic microcapsules and their possible influence on cell function and ability to response to magnetic field have been explored. Interestingly, the cells suspended in media show much higher ability in internalization of microcapsules, then MSCs adhere into the surface. There is no significant effect of microcapsules on cell toxicity compared with other cell line-capsule internalization reported in literature. Due to internalization of magnetic capsules by the cells, such cell engineering platform is responsive to external magnetic field, which allows to manipulate MSC migration. Magnetically sorted MSCs are capable to differentiation as confirmed by their conversion to adipogenic and osteogenic cells using standard protocols. There is a minor effect of capsule internalization on cell adhesion, though MSCs are still able to form spheroid made by dozen of thousand MSCs. This work demonstrates the potential of use of microcapsule impregnated MSCs to carry internalized micron-sized vesicles and being navigated with external magnetic signaling.

A comparison study between electrospun polycaprolactone and piezoelectric poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

“…Induction of differentiation towards the osteogenic lineage was performed using our previously reported protocol [17]. Briefly, each scaffold with cells was treated with an osteogenic medium consisting of DMEM supplemented with 0.1 μM dexamethasone (Sigma-Aldrich, UK), 10 mM β-glycerol phosphate (Sigma-Aldrich, UK) and 0.2 mM ascorbic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, UK).…”

“…The potential to differentiate to the variety of connective tissue cell types, such as osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes, can be considered as one of the main functional characteristic of hMSCs, which has to be assessed upon cell treatment [36]. Osteoblasts produce bone matrix proteins and they also catalyse the mineralization of bone matrix into bone [37].…”

Cell‐Based Drug Delivery and Use of Nano‐and Microcarriers for Cell Functionalization

“…At the same time, microcapsules had no significant effect on cell toxicity at low cell/capsule ratios (Figure D). Such modification of MSCs with magnetic capsules allows the control of cell migration to the desired site of tissue damage …”

“…C) The fractions of MSCs associated with microcapsules in an adherent setting (white pattern) and a suspension setting (grey). D) The viability of MSCs incubated with magnetic capsules at different cell‐to‐capsule ratios at 24 h. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2016, Wiley Publishing Group.…”

The possibilities of Cell-IQ phase-contrast microscopy for a continuous real-time observation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell culture

“…The interplay between macrophage inflammatory or regenerative subpopulations, stem and bone cells (Gu et al, 2017) and scaffolds is critical to physiologic and reparative bone tissue regeneration. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSCs) are able to migrate into inflammation and regeneration foci (Lepik et al, 2016). Thus, continuous monitoring of MMSCs is a promising tool that could be used in cellular biology, (micro)environmental research and biotechnology to study in vitro real-time morphology and behavioural response of stem cells alone, as well at contacts with other cells and for controlling a sustainable production of scaffolds for tissue engineering.…”