Mesenchymal stem cells accelerate bone allograft incorporation in the presence of diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Allograft (Allo) incorporation in the presence of a systemic disease like diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming a major issue in the orthopedic community. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent stem cells that may be derived from adult, whole bone marrow and have been shown to induce bone formation in segmental defects when combined with the appropriate carrier/scaffold. The objectives of this study were to analyze the effect of DM upon Allo incorporation in a segmental rat femoral defect and to also investigate MSC augmentation of Allo incorporation. Segmental (5 mm) femoral defects were created in non-DM and DM rats and treated with Allo containing demineralized bone matrix (DBM) or DBM with MSC augmentation. Histological scoring at 4 weeks demonstrated less mature bone in the DM/DBM group compared to its non-DM counterpart (p < 0.001). However, there was significantly more mature bone in the DM/MSC group when compared to the DM/DBM group at both 4 and 8 weeks (p < 0.001 and p ¼ 0.004). Furthermore, significantly more bone formation was observed in the DM/MSC group compared to the DM/DBM group at the 4-week time point (p < 0.001). The results of this study suggest that MSC are a potential adjunct for bone regeneration when implanted in an orthotopic site in the presence of DM. ß

The rational use of animal models in the evaluation of novel bone regenerative therapies

“…Considering the wide diversity of conducted research, investigators should be extremely cautious to translate conclusion in-between models and species and pay special attention in designing the animal studies to draw valuable and reproducible results. Mouse: [185], [186] Rat: [187] (DM), [188] Rabbit: [189], [190], [191], [192] Dog: [193], [194] Sheep/Goat: [167], [170], [176], [195], [196], [197] human BM-derived MPCs…”

Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate in Animal Long Bone Healing

“…1,2 Critically sized bone defects often occur as a result of metabolic disease, trauma, or cancer resection; and lesions above this critical size can lead to atrophy, scarring, and delayed bone regeneration. 3 This can ultimately lead to nonunion and revision surgery to restore lost function which continues to be a major challenge in orthopedic surgery. 4,5 Therefore, there has been an increased need to develop therapeutic strategies that improve bone healing to prevent nonunion and delayed union.…”

Olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells possess immunoregulatory function and suppress autoimmune arthritis

“…Significant progress has been made in applying MSCs for the treatment of autoimmune disorders and allograft rejection. [5][6][7] To date, bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) are among the most commonly used MSCs in pre-clinical research for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune diseases. [8][9][10] However, there are some limitations associated with BM-MSCs in clinical applications, including the technical difficulty in acquiring sufficient numbers of cells for therapy.…”