Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Soft Tissue Regenerative Medicine: A Comprehensive Review

Rehman, Amna; Nigam, Aparna; Laino, Luigi; Russo, Diana; Todisco, Celestino; Esposito, Giuseppe; Svolacchia, Fabiano; Giuzio, Federica; Desiderio, Vincenzo; Ferraro, Giuseppe

doi:10.3390/medicina59081449

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 168 publications

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“…In the realm of cardiovascular disease treatment, MSCs offer several advantageous properties: they modulate immune responses to reduce inflammation; attenuate fibrosis, which can impair cardiac function; promote angiogenesis, which is necessary for tissue repair and improved blood circulation; and potentially differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells to directly aid cardiac repair [32]. While preclinical studies affirm MSCs' efficacy in enhancing cardiac function post myocardial infarction through engraftment and the facilitation of cardiac repair, their clinical utility is tempered by challenges such as the low retention rate and survival of transplanted cells within the ischemic myocardial environment [33][34][35][36][37][38]. In recent years, focus has shifted toward optimizing the therapeutic potential of stem cells.…”

Section: Mscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Strategies in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Cardiovascular Therapeutics

Kumar,

Mishra,

Tran

et al. 2024

Cells

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Cardiovascular diseases continue to challenge global health, demanding innovative therapeutic solutions. This review delves into the transformative role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in advancing cardiovascular therapeutics. Beginning with a historical perspective, we trace the development of stem cell research related to cardiovascular diseases, highlighting foundational therapeutic approaches and the evolution of cell-based treatments. Recognizing the inherent challenges of MSC-based cardiovascular therapeutics, which range from understanding the pro-reparative activity of MSCs to tailoring patient-specific treatments, we emphasize the need to refine the pro-regenerative capacity of these cells. Crucially, our focus then shifts to the strategies of the fourth generation of cell-based therapies: leveraging the secretomic prowess of MSCs, particularly the role of extracellular vesicles; integrating biocompatible scaffolds and artificial sheets to amplify MSCs’ potential; adopting three-dimensional ex vivo propagation tailored to specific tissue niches; harnessing the promise of genetic modifications for targeted tissue repair; and institutionalizing good manufacturing practice protocols to ensure therapeutic safety and efficacy. We conclude with reflections on these advancements, envisaging a future landscape redefined by MSCs in cardiovascular regeneration. This review offers both a consolidation of our current understanding and a view toward imminent therapeutic horizons.

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Section: Mscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Strategies in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Cardiovascular Therapeutics

Kumar,

Mishra,

Tran

et al. 2024

Cells

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“…Among these organisms, planarians possess a superior regenerative capacity when considering their entirety, primarily due to the presence of adult stem cells, known as neoblasts (Pearson, 2022). However, tissue and organ regeneration prove to be a complex strategy for the systems composing the human organism (Rehman et al, 2023). In this context, elucidating mechanisms related to regenerative models observed in basal animals can aid in comprehending the long-term process (Henrot et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Biotechnology for Cellular and Tissue Regeneration: Challenges and Perspectives in Human Disease Treatment

Pavan,

Giacinti,

Alvarenga

et al. 2024

RECIMA21

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Biotechnology constitutes a realm of inquiry that extends its benefits across diverse domains of knowledge, ranging from agricultural sciences to clinical applications. This field leverages technology to address challenges frequently entailing living organisms. Of current significance is the endeavor to elucidate the process of animal regeneration, particularly within the human species, given its burgeoning potential as an ally in the treatment and cure of various maladies. Recognizing the societal importance of this subject, the present article seeks to expound upon contemporary biotechnological advancements facilitating the exploration of cellular and tissue regeneration for the treatment of human diseases. To this end, a comprehensive review of articles delineating the current landscape was conducted, involving a comparative analysis of regenerative activity across species, with a specific focus on humans. Evidentially, the use of biomaterials in tissue regeneration assumes paramount importance, albeit not without the formidable challenge posed by the inflammatory process. Stem cells, conversely, present themselves as promising entities in the realm of regeneration. However, their interaction within the host organism necessitates further scrutiny to attain a more nuanced understanding. Despite strides made in the field of regenerative medicine, the lack of comprehensive comprehension regarding the properties of biomaterials and their responses within the human body constrains their clinical applicability. Nevertheless, an auspicious future is envisioned, marked by advancements in biomaterials and a heightened understanding of interactions within the human body, thereby fostering the development of more efficacious treatments for a myriad of diseases.

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“… 2 Moreover, MSCs facilitate the formation of new blood vessels, which is crucial for effectively healing damaged tissues. 3 Despite the advancements in MSC-based therapies, 4 , 5 several challenges hinder their broad application in clinical settings. These challenges include but are not limited to immunocompatibility, the influence of target tissue microenvironment, and the migratory capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulating the mesenchymal stromal cell microenvironment alters exosome RNA content and ligament healing capacity

Chamberlain,

Prabahar,

Kink

et al. 2024

Stem Cells

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Although mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) based therapies hold promise in regenerative medicine, their clinical application remains challenging due to issues such as immunocompatibility. MSC-derived exosomes are a promising off-the-shelf therapy for promoting wound healing in a cell-free manner. However, the potential to customize the content of MSC-exosomes, and understanding how such modifications influence exosome effects on tissue regeneration remain underexplored. In this study, we used an in vitro system to compare the priming of human MSCs by two inflammatory inducers TNF-α and CRX-527 (a highly potent synthetic TLR4 agonist that can be used as a vaccine adjuvant or to induce anti-tumor immunity) on exosome molecular cargo, as well as on an in vivo rat ligament injury model to validate exosome potency. Different microenvironmental stimuli used to prime MSCs in vitro affected their exosomal microRNAs and mRNAs, influencing ligament healing. Exosomes derived from untreated MSCs significantly enhance the mechanical properties of healing ligaments, in contrast to those obtained from MSCs primed with inflammation-inducers, which not only fail to provide any improvement but also potentially deteriorate the mechanical properties. Additionally, a link was identified between altered exosomal microRNA levels and expression changes in microRNA targets in ligaments. These findings elucidate the nuanced interplay between MSCs, their exosomes, and tissue regeneration.

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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Soft Tissue Regenerative Medicine: A Comprehensive Review

Cited by 11 publications

References 168 publications

Emerging Strategies in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Cardiovascular Therapeutics

Emerging Strategies in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Cardiovascular Therapeutics

Advances in Biotechnology for Cellular and Tissue Regeneration: Challenges and Perspectives in Human Disease Treatment

Modulating the mesenchymal stromal cell microenvironment alters exosome RNA content and ligament healing capacity

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