Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Potential Therapeutic Cell Therapy to Reduce Brain Stroke Side Effects

Shabanizadeh, Ahmad; Rahmani, Amir M.; Yousefi‐Ahmadipour, Aliakbar; Asadi, Fatemeh; Arababadi, Mohammad Kazemi

doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105668

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The combination therapy of MSCs with drugs, or with gene modification, is the focus of research in the field. For instance, MSC therapy combined with royal jelly significantly reduced the infarcted volumes, cerebral edema, and serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels [ 73 ]. The administration of hADSC-loaded P5 peptide to post-stroke rats created conditions that supported drug-loaded hADSC survival, and hADSC loaded with p5 peptide reduced the number of inflammatory cells around the lesion, but did not increase the vascular density around the infarction area [ 74 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Therapeutic Mechanisms for Stroke

Zhang

Dong

Hong

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Due to aging of the world’s population, stroke has become increasingly prevalent, leading to a rise in socioeconomic burden. In the recent past, stroke research and treatment have become key scientific issues that need urgent solutions, with a sharp focus on stem cell transplantation, which is known to treat neurodegenerative diseases related to traumatic brain injuries, such as stroke. Indeed, stem cell therapy has brought hope to many stroke patients, both in animal and clinical trials. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are most commonly utilized in biological medical research, due to their pluripotency and universality. MSCs are often obtained from adipose tissue and bone marrow, and transplanted via intravenous injection. Therefore, this review will discuss the therapeutic mechanisms of MSCs and extracellular vehicles (EVs) secreted by MSCs for stroke, such as in attenuating inflammation through immunomodulation, releasing trophic factors to promote therapeutic effects, inducing angiogenesis, promoting neurogenesis, reducing the infarct volume, and replacing damaged cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Therapeutic Mechanisms for Stroke

Zhang

Dong

Hong

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…This was noted by the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Among the pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, there was a reduction in IL-1 [122], IL-6 [132], IL-17 [122, 124], IL-23 [122], TNF-a [119-122, 133, 134], NF-kB [120], IL-1α [132], IL-1b [119-121, 127, 132], IFN-γ [127, 133], MCP-1 [119, 129, 132], IL-8, COX-2 [129], C3 expression [124], CXCL1 [132], MIP-1α, and MIP-3α [132]. Regarding the anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine has described an increase in IL-4, IL-5 [129], IL-10 [122, 128, 131], TGF-β [119, 128, 130], CD200 [128], and gene 6 protein (TSG-6) [124].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the deleterious effects resulting from the ischemic process, several animal studies using the MCOA method have demonstrated the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in IS [118,119]. Regarding the primary lesion that occurs after the ischemic event, studies have reported a reduction in infarct volume [119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126] and brain water content [122,127]. Among the mechanisms involved in the "ischemic cascade," such as apoptosis, activation of glial cells, and loss of the integrity of the BBB, such studies describe a modulation mediated by MSCs.…”

Section: Immunomodulation In Neural Tissue Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunomodulatory Potential Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Diseases of the Central Nervous System

et al. 2022

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Introduction: Several studies indicate the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as an important tool in regenerative medicine associated with injuries that affect the central nervous system (CNS). The MSCs have the capacity to differentiate into cells of the embryonal tissue, such as the mesoderm. So, these cells can be found in a variety of tissues. Also, the MSCs can release immunomodulatory and neurotrophic factors performance as inflammation mediators operating in injured tissue the regeneration. Furthermore, they can differentiate into neural, like cells in vitro. Thereby, because of the high immunomodulatory role of MSCs, this review sought to describe the main immunomodulatory mechanisms performed by MSCs in CNS recovery after tissue injury or neurodegenerative diseases. Methods: PubMed and ScienceDirect were searched between January 2011 to March 2021 and 43 articles met the criteria of the review. Results: This systematic review indicate that MSCs were used in vivo experimental Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PA), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Ischemic Stroke (IS) and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). The treatment MSCs were usually from human origin, derived from bone marrow and administered intravenously. Discussion/Conclusion: It was shown that MSCs, independent from origin or administration pathway, can reduce inflammation and help in the recovery and preservation of injured neural tissue. Thus, the use of MSCs represents a potential therapeutic option in the treatment of neurological disorders mediated by inflammatory processes.

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“…They possess the additional benefit of being easily obtained from many adult tissues without ethical issues which restrict the use of ESCs, and have low immunogenicity and tumorigenicity in comparison to other readily available stem cell types. 211 However, perhaps the most attractive function of MSCs is their unique ability to modulate both the local adaptive and innate immune systems, with the capacity to inhibit the proliferation, development, and function of immune cell types including NK cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, B, T and mast cells. 212 , 213 These properties of MSCs have been exploited in several preclinical animal models and human clinical trials.…”

Section: Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Evidence for Tryptophan and the Kynurenine Pathway as a Regulator of Stem Cell Niches in Health and Disease

Summers,

Thomas Broome,

Pang

et al. 2024

Int J�Tryptophan�Res

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Stem cells are ubiquitously found in various tissues and organs in the body, and underpin the body’s ability to repair itself following injury or disease initiation, though repair can sometimes be compromised. Understanding how stem cells are produced, and functional signaling systems between different niches is critical to understanding the potential use of stem cells in regenerative medicine. In this context, this review considers kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolism in multipotent adult progenitor cells, embryonic, haematopoietic, neural, cancer, cardiac and induced pluripotent stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and mesenchymal stromal cells. The KP is the major enzymatic pathway for sequentially catabolising the essential amino acid tryptophan (TRP), resulting in key metabolites including kynurenine, kynurenic acid, and quinolinic acid (QUIN). QUIN metabolism transitions into the adjoining de novo pathway for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) production, a critical cofactor in many fundamental cellular biochemical pathways. How stem cells uptake and utilise TRP varies between different species and stem cell types, because of their expression of transporters and responses to inflammatory cytokines. Several KP metabolites are physiologically active, with either beneficial or detrimental outcomes, and evidence of this is presented relating to several stem cell types, which is important as they may exert a significant impact on surrounding differentiated cells, particularly if they metabolise or secrete metabolites differently. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in mesenchymal stromal cells, for instance, highly upregulates rate-limiting enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1), initiating TRP depletion and production of metabolites including kynurenine/kynurenic acid, known agonists of the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transcription factor. AhR transcriptionally regulates an immunosuppressive phenotype, making them attractive for regenerative therapy. We also draw attention to important gaps in knowledge for future studies, which will underpin future application for stem cell-based cellular therapies or optimising drugs which can modulate the KP in innate stem cell populations, for disease treatment.

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Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Potential Therapeutic Cell Therapy to Reduce Brain Stroke Side Effects

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Therapeutic Mechanisms for Stroke

Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Therapeutic Mechanisms for Stroke

The Immunomodulatory Potential Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Diseases of the Central Nervous System

A Review of the Evidence for Tryptophan and the Kynurenine Pathway as a Regulator of Stem Cell Niches in Health and Disease

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