“…Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are easily obtained from various sources and present a strong proliferationcapacity (Tatullo et al, 2015). In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells have been induced to differentiate into specific neurons such as cholinergic neurons, dopaminergic neurons, amino acid neurons, and peptidergic neurons (Woodbury et al, 2000;Fukuda, 2001;Notaraand Ahmed, 2012;Wu et al, 2013;Kristjanssonand Honsawek, 2014;Swart and Wulffraat, 2014;Zhang et al, 2014). Recent studies showed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can survive in the damaged brain tissue and spinal cord, proliferate, migrate, and differentiate into neuron-like cells, thereby effectively improving the neurological function and survival status of patients following spinal cord injuries, stroke, and other nervous system diseases (Widgerow et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2014;Mizukami and Yagihashi, 2014).…”