Mesenteric endothelial dysfunction in a cardiopulmonary bypass rat model: The effect of diabetes

Abstract

Background: Diabetes is a risk factor for perioperative complications after cardiac surgery. We studied its effects on mesenteric endothelial function in a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) model. Methods: Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sham (D-CPB-), cardiopulmonary bypass (D-CPB+), diabetic (D+CPB-) and diabetic that have undergone CPB (D+CPB+). Two samples of mesenteric artery were used for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) Western blot analysis, and two others for assessing contractile response and endothelium relaxations. Nitrite products and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were assessed as markers of inflammatory response. Results: We observed an enhanced contractile response to the α-adrenergic agonist associated with impairment of mesenteric vasorelaxation in D+CPB+ rats. Western immunoblot analysis of D+CPB+ highlighted an additive effect of hyper-expression of inducible NOS. A significantly increased inflammatory response was observed after CPB in diabetic animals. Conclusions: This work confirms the potential deleterious impact of diabetes on the mesenteric endothelium during CPB in cardiac surgery.

S1P1 Receptor Modulation Preserves Vascular Function in Mesenteric and Coronary Arteries after CPB in the Rat Independent of Depletion of Lymphocytes

“…In several rat models, CPB induced endothelial dysfunction, mainly after 60–90 min of recovery [55], [56]. However, in our study the endothelium-dependent relaxation to ACh did not differ between Sham and CPB rats and was comparable to that in untreated Controls, demonstrating that endothelial function was intact at 1 day post-CPB.…”

Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Radial and Ulnar Arterial Vasoreactivity after Radial Artery Cannulation: A Randomized Controlled trial

“… 29 In studies focused on such vascular response, patients with hyperglycemia and DM fail to exert compensational arterial changes after exposure to an external stimulus, 23 , 28 , 30 and may deter rapid recovery of patients. 6 , 31 Similarly, we observed that DM patients showed little or no changes in radial artery internal diameter, blood flow, or RI compared to baseline values, while significant changes in such arterial hemodynamics of non-DM patients occurred probably due to the changes in vasoactive balance, sympathetic tone, and external stimuli throughout perioperative period. The ulnar artery, which often provides active compensation after neighboring radial artery cannulation, also showed only subtle changes in its arterial hemodynamics among DM patients, indicating less compensation for decreased blood flow from damaged radial artery.…”

“… 5 DM is associated with endothelial dysfunction, enhanced contractile response, and impaired vasorelaxation in response to clinically relevant vasoconstrictors and external stimuli, such as arterial cannulation. 6 , 7 The condition also causes arterial rigidity and increases peripheral vascular resistance, resulting in reduced blood flow, even when individuals have no apparent peripheral artery disease. 8 Although many studies have explored changes in radial artery vasoreactivity due to external stimuli and underlying conditions such as DM, limited information is available regarding DM's effects on the ulnar artery after cannulation.…”

Diabetic Pathophysiology Enhances Inflammation during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Rat Model

“…In this study, non-physiologic circulation by ECMO was considered closely associated with acute kidney injury (AKI). It has also been reported that mesenteric endothelial dysfunction occurs in animal experiments using a diabetes model [28]. Furthermore, a previous study showed the effects of green tea polyphenols on acute kidney injury after cardiopulmonary bypass in diabetes rats [29].…”