“…The fourth industrial revolution is the current and developing environment in which disruptive technologies and trends. The current development is known as (i) The Internet of Things (IoT) (Luckyardi et al, 2022;Anh, 2022;Thapwiroch et al, 2021;Jebur, 2023;Pantjawati et al, 2020), (ii) Robotics (Castiblanco et al, 2021;Babalola & Omolafe, 2022a;Babalola & Omolafe, 2022b;Kamarudin et al, 2022;Zengin, 2022), (iii) Augmented reality (AR) (Ruhimat et al, 2023;Maulana & Kanai, 2022;Widiaty et al, 2021;Bangkerd & Sangsawang;Albar et al, 2021), professional practice. CDIO TM uses active learning and project-based learning techniques, using Conceive-Design-Implement-Operate as the contextual backbone for all of the classes.…”