Mesh size distribution determination of interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels

Pescosolido, Laura; Feruglio, Luigi; Farra, Rossella; Fiorentino, Simona Maria; Colombo, I.; Coviello, Tommasina; Matricardi, Pietro; Hennink, Wim E.; Vermonden, Tina; Grassi, Mario

doi:10.1039/c2sm25677k

Cited by 58 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The other approach to characterize the mesh size is to replace the true network with idealized spheres as suggested in the equivalent network theory . Radius of such spheres corresponds to the average mesh size, which is comparable to the results determined by the other methods .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Determining the scaling of gel mesh size with changing crosslinker concentration using dynamic swelling, rheometry, and PGSE NMR spectroscopy

Wiśniewska

Seland

Wang

2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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We studied the scaling behavior of the mesh size (ξ) of chemically crosslinked poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) hydrogels with changing crosslinker concentration (Ccl) from 0.006 to 0.143 mol L−1. Three experimental methods were employed, namely dynamic swelling, rheometry, and probe diffusion by pulsed gradient spin‐echo NMR. The mesh sizes determined by probe diffusion are dependent on the probe size. The scaling model of ξ ∼(Ccl)n (n < 0) could describe variation of the mesh size, obtained by any of the aforementioned techniques, with the crosslinker concentration. Thus, for hydrogels in equilibrium with water, the obtained values of the scaling exponent (n) are −0.73 ± 0.05 for dynamic swelling, −1.0 ± 0.3 for probe diffusion, and −0.27 ± 0.02 for rheological measurements. We demonstrated that the scaling of the mesh sizes for probe diffusion and dynamic swelling results was in good agreement with theoretical prediction. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46695.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Determining the scaling of gel mesh size with changing crosslinker concentration using dynamic swelling, rheometry, and PGSE NMR spectroscopy

Wiśniewska

Seland

Wang

2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Furthermore, by knowing T 2i and ⟨ℳ ⟩, ξ i can be calculated for each class of network meshes by eqn. (16): (16) Using this strategy, the ξ i values of 10% (w/v) 8armPEG10k-hydrogels were estimated. The value of ξ 1 , which represents about 91% of all network meshes, was found to be 5 11.1 ± 2.1 nm; the value of ξ 2 , which represents the remaining 9% of all network meshes, was 1.0 ± 0.3 nm (Table 1).…”

Section: Determination Of the Network Mesh Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 Other methods that allow the evaluation of the mesh size include confocal laser scanning microscopy, 8,9 small angle neutron scattering, 10,11 small-angle X-ray scattering, 12 and pulsed field gradient NMR spectroscopy. 13 Moreover, the mesh size distribution can be determined by differential scanning calorimetry [14][15][16] and low field NMR spectroscopy. 16,17 5 In this manuscript, we focus on the correlation between the mesh size of degradable, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hydrogels and the release rate of macromolecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using eqn. (16), A (T 2 ) is converted 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 17 into the mesh size distribution, A (ξ), where A i (ξ) = A i (T 2 ). To allow the comparison of mesh size distributions of different systems, A i is normalized according to: (17) As shown in Figure 3B, A (ξ) spanned over three orders of magnitude; meshes as large as 300 nm were observed, even if this probability, A i , is very low.…”

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confidence: 97%

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Diels–Alder Hydrogels for Controlled Antibody Release: Correlation between Mesh Size and Release Rate

et al. 2015

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Eight-armed PEG, molecular mass 10 kDa, was functionalized with furyl and maleimide groups, respectively; the obtained macromonomers were cross-linked via Diels-Alder chemistry. The mesh size (ξ) of the prepared hydrogels was determined by swelling studies, rheology, and low field NMR spectroscopy. The in vitro release of fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled dextrans (FDs) and bevacizumab was investigated. The average mesh size (ξavg) increased from 5.8 ± 0.1 nm to 56 ± 13 nm during degradation, as determined by swelling studies. The result of the rheological measurements (8.0 nm) matched the initial value of ξavg. Low field NMR spectroscopy enabled the determination of the mesh size distribution; the most abundant mesh size was found to be 9.2 nm. In combination with the hydrodynamic radius of the molecule (Rh), the time-dependent increase of ξavg was used to predict the release profiles of incorporated FDs applying an obstruction-scaling model. The predicted release profiles matched the experimentally determined release profiles when Rh < ξavg. However, significant deviations from the theoretical predictions were observed when Rh ≥ ξavg, most likely due to the statistical distribution of ξ in real polymer networks. The release profile of bevacizumab differed from those of equivalently sized FDs. The delayed release of bevacizumab was most likely a result of the globular structure and rigidity of the protein. The observed correlation between ξ and the release rate could facilitate the design of controlled release systems for antibodies.

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“…Pescosolido et al [31] using Eq. 8, where N A is Avogadro's constant, and ρ x is the crosslink density, given by Eq.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of alginate hydrogels manufactured using external gelation

Kaklamani

Cheneler

Grover

et al. 2014

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

168

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Alginate hydrogels are commonly used in biomedical applications such as scaffolds for tissue engineering, drug delivery, and as a medium for cell immobilization. Multivalent cations are often employed to create physical crosslinks between carboxyl and hydroxyl moieties on neighbouring polysaccharide chains, creating hydrogels with a range of mechanical properties. This work describes the manufacture and characterisation of sodium alginate hydrogels using the divalent cations Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ and Sr 2+ to promote gelation via noncovalent crosslinks. The gelation time and Young's modulus are characterised as a function of cation and alginate concentrations. The implications of this work towards the use of environmental elasticity to control stem cell differentiation are discussed.

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Mesh size distribution determination of interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels

Cited by 58 publications

References 51 publications

Determining the scaling of gel mesh size with changing crosslinker concentration using dynamic swelling, rheometry, and PGSE NMR spectroscopy

Determining the scaling of gel mesh size with changing crosslinker concentration using dynamic swelling, rheometry, and PGSE NMR spectroscopy

Diels–Alder Hydrogels for Controlled Antibody Release: Correlation between Mesh Size and Release Rate

Mechanical properties of alginate hydrogels manufactured using external gelation

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