Mesophyll Cell Protoplasts of Potato

Abstract

Mesophyll cell protoplasts were isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Russet Burbank) leaves (e.g. 2, 6, 8, 9) have been induced to reform their cell walls, undergo sustained proliferation, and ultimately redifferentiate whole plants. This feature of protoplast totipotency among the experimental plant species studied thus far suggests a viable new approach toward crop and varietal improvement (3) once similar success is achieved for species of major economic consequence.The potato, which ranks fourth among world food crops (19), has been recalcitrant in tissue culture. In only a few cases (5, 10, 14, 20) has plant regeneration been achieved from excised tissues other than shoot tips. Recently, however, there has been definite progress toward the development of an in vitro regeneration system from single cells. Upadhya (18) cultured protoplasts from potato leaves and obtained calli which differentiated roots but not shoots. Behnke (1) plated cells from dihaploid suspension cultures and reported that "small shoots" emerged in a high percentage of individual calli, although mention was not made of whether whole plants were obtained. In the present study, calli raised from single mesophyll protoplasts of potato were induced to undergo shoot formation and eventually regenerate whole plants. The developmental sequence, while dependent upon the proper balance of phytohormones, was also sensitive to numerous other constituents of the culture medium.

Retracted: IFATS Collection: Selenium Induces Improvement of Stem Cell Behaviors in Human Adipose-Tissue Stromal Cells via SAPK/JNK and Stemness Acting Signals

“…Dedifferentiation signifies the withdrawal of cells from a given differentiated state into a stem cell-like state that confers pluripotency; this process precedes re-entry into the cell cycle [1]. The state of dedifferentiation can be assessed by changes in cell morphology, genome organization, and the pattern of gene expression, as well as by the capability of protoplasts to differentiate into multiple cell types, depending on the type of stimulus applied [2][3][4][5]. Dedifferentiation has been associated with changes in gene expression patterns [5][6][7][8].…”

Reaction to phytotoxins in a potato population derived from mesophyll protoplasts

“…Although this would require that a procedure be developed for the selection and development of individual toxin-resistant protoplasts, current technology developed from earlier results is encouraging (7).…”

“…The successful regeneration of potato plants from single mesophyll protoplasts by Shepard and Totten (7) may offer an alternative, namely intracultivar improvement without the requirement for plant breeding procedures. This notion was made possible by the finding that, while the majority of the several hundred regenerated potato plants appeared to express a "normal" phenotype, there was also a substantial number of variants (7). Several of the variants, when grown to maturity, differed only slightly in phenotype (J. Shepard and R. Totten, unpublished observations).…”

Viability And Development Of Potato Protoplast Culture

“…Although there have been a few reports that succeeded in recovery of plants from protoplasts in Solanum tuberosum (1)(2)(3)(4), sustaining high viability and consis tent development of potato protoplast culture still remain elusive.…”