Block copolymer (BCP) melts are a
paradigm for pluripotent molecular
assembly, yielding a complex and expanding array of variable domain
shapes and symmetries from a fairly simple and highly expandable class
of molecular designs. This Perspective addresses recent advances in
the ability to model and measure features of domain morphology that
go beyond the now canonical metrics of D spacing,
space group, and domain topology. Such subdomain features have long
been the focus of theories seeking to explain and understand mechanisms
of equilibrium structure formation in block copolymer melts, from
inhomogeneous curvatures of an intermaterial dividing surface to variable
domain thickness. Quantitative metrics of variable subdomain geometry,
or packing frustration, are central to theoretical models of complex
BCP phase formation, from bicontinuous networks to complex (e.g.,
Frank–Kasper) crystals, and new experimental methods bring
the possibility of their quantitative tests into reach. Here we not
only review generic approaches to quantify local domain morphologies
that both connect directly to thermodynamic models of BCP assembly
but also generalize to domains of arbitrary shape and topology. We
then overview experimental methods for characterizing BCP morphology,
focusing on recent advances that make accessible detailed and quantitative
metrics of fine features of subdomain geometry. Beyond even the critical
comparison between detailed predictive models and experimental measurements
of complex BCP assembly, validation of these advances lays the foundation
to “mold” morphology in BCP assemblies at ever finer
subdomain scale, through controlled architectures and processing pathways.