Mesozoic Iron Oxide Copper-Gold Mineralization in the Central Andes and the Gondwana Supercontinent Breakup

Chen, Hong‐Yuan; Cooke, David R.; Baker, Michael J.

doi:10.2113/econgeo.108.1.37

Cited by 43 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The results also provide new insights into the geometry and petrologic evolution of the region. This study supports the suggestion that this Paleoproterozoic metallogenic zone is not directly comparable to many other Precambrian IOCG examples (Groves et al, 2010), but rather we show it is comparable to the Andean styles of IOCG mineralization preserved in Chile and Peru (e.g., Sillitoe, 2003;Groves et al, 2010;Chen et al, 2013), as well as alkaline porphyry Cu-Au deposits that occur during episodes of extensional rifting within greater Cordilleran -type orogenic events Richards and Mumin, 2013a,b;Logan and Mihalynuk, 2014;Richards et al, in press). …”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The origin of the oxidizing fluids is poorly understood, and as such region-derived models are common for the genesis of these deposits (Fig. 1;Barton and Johnson, 1996;Pollard, 2000;Corriveau et al, 2010b;Groves et al, 2010;Mumin et al, 2010;Smith et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2013;Richards and Mumin, 2013a, b;Acosta-Góngora et al, 2015a,b).…”

Section: Iocg and Ioa Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relationship between magmatism and mineralization in a suprasubduction environment and the spatio-temporal relationship between IOCG and IOA in the Great Bear is reminiscent of Andean IOCG and IOA deposits (Sillitoe, 2003;Barton et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2013;Richards and Mumin 2013a;Richards et al, in press), rather than an intra-cratonic setting implicated for many other Proterozoic IOCG deposits (Groves et al, 2010). The overall extensional environment suggested for Great Bear deposits is particularly reminiscent of the early Cretaceous deposits in the northern Andes (e.g., Sillitoe 2003).…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Groves et al (2010) suggest that the only examples where IOA-type and IOCG deposits are related to one another are in Mesozoic and Cenozoic Andean-like convergent margin-settings (ie. the Mesozoic deposits in Chile and Peru; Sillitoe, 2003;Barton et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Paleoproterozoic Andean-type iron oxide copper-gold environment, the Great Bear magmatic zone, Northwest Canada

Ootes

Snyder

Davis

et al. 2017

Ore Geology Reviews

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Iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) and associated iron-oxide apatite (IOA) styles of metallic mineralization are recognized throughout the Paleoproterozoic Great Bear magmatic zone of the northwest Canadian Shield. The Great Bear magmatic zone was constructed between ca. 1876 and 1855 Ma on top of the older Hottah terrane, which preserves continental arc magmatism that began around ca. 2.0 to 1.97 Ga and continued between ca. 1.93 and 1.89 Ga. The Great Bear represents the final stages of ca. 150 million years of intermittent and pulsed magmatism related to an evolving continental orogenic belt. The preserved geology supports a dramatic geodynamic change in the subduction zone process at ca. 1875 Ma, a key driving mechanism for magma and metal mobilization, and was rapidly followed by a large-scale introduction of felsic-intermediate plutons. The overall tectonic setting is partially constrained from new and previously published geochemical data that show that the volcanic and plutonic rocks are high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic in nature (e.g., high K 2 O, Th/Yb, and Ce/P 2 0 5 ). They also have suprasubduction-zone geochemical signatures, including primitive mantle normalized positive Th and negative Nb, P, and Ti anomalies. The data support the primary melts were derived from a GLOSS-modified mantle wedge. Three-dimensional rendering of geophysical datasets suggest that two (of four) preserved surfaces within the upper mantle lithosphere, at 70 to 120 km depths, represent frozen, subducted oceanic slabs, and likely were the drivers for the bulk of Hottah and Great Bear arc magmatism. The older slab is northwest-striking and dips 12⁰ to 15⁰ northeast, whereas the younger is deeper and north-striking, dipping 13⁰ east. The geometry of the surfaces are comparable with 4D modeling, where a subduction zone is temporarily shut down due to plateau collision, and then steps oceanward and re-initiates; there is no need for polarity reversal of the subduction system. This new geometry and the related inferences about process should be the focus of future research in the region, but for the time-being it can be stated that these subduction and collisional processes were the first order control on lithospheric evolution, and therefore metallic mineralization. Overall, the Great Bear magmatic zone IOCG and related mineralization is not comparable to other Proterozoic IOCG belts, such as those in Australia. However, the complexity of mineralization styles, the spatial-temporal relationship between IOA and IOCG mineralization, the suprasubduction zone environment, and a major change in tectonic regime are features similar to Andean-type IOCG mineralization, as well as Cordilleran alkali porphyry Cu-A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT3 Au deposits. This further establishes the linkages between subduction zone processes and IOCG formation, as well as relationships in the IOCG-porphyry deposit continuum model.

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Section: Accepted M Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Iocg and Ioa Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Paleoproterozoic Andean-type iron oxide copper-gold environment, the Great Bear magmatic zone, Northwest Canada

Ootes

Snyder

Davis

et al. 2017

Ore Geology Reviews

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“…This indicates a possible Late Devonian Fe-Cu-Au metallogenic event on the northern margin of East Junggar, which formed in an oceanic island arc environment coevally with the porphyry Cu mineralization. The coexistence of contemporaneous Fe-Cu-Au and porphyry Cu deposits has also been identified in the Mesozoic Central Andes, suggesting a close relationship between these styles of mineralization and arc magmas (Chen et al, 2013). …”

Section: Timing Of Magmatism and Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 87%

Geochronology and Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks from the Laoshankou District, North Xinjiang: Implications for the Late Paleozoic Tectonic Evolution and Metallogenesis of East Junggar

Liang

Chen

Hollings

et al. 2016

Lithos

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Multiple episodes of mineralization revealed by Re-Os molybdenite geochronology in the Lala Fe-Cu deposit, SW China

et al. 2017

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Mesozoic Iron Oxide Copper-Gold Mineralization in the Central Andes and the Gondwana Supercontinent Breakup

Cited by 43 publications

References 38 publications

A Paleoproterozoic Andean-type iron oxide copper-gold environment, the Great Bear magmatic zone, Northwest Canada

A Paleoproterozoic Andean-type iron oxide copper-gold environment, the Great Bear magmatic zone, Northwest Canada

Geochronology and Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks from the Laoshankou District, North Xinjiang: Implications for the Late Paleozoic Tectonic Evolution and Metallogenesis of East Junggar

Multiple episodes of mineralization revealed by Re-Os molybdenite geochronology in the Lala Fe-Cu deposit, SW China

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