Mesozoic‐palaeogene Basin Development Within the Eastern Mediterranean Borderland

Abu-Jaber, Nizar; Kimberley, Michael M.; Cavaroc, Victor V.

doi:10.1111/j.1747-5457.1989.tb00241.x

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The late Permian-early Mesozoic rifting in the Palmyrides accompanied opening of the Eastern Mediterranean basin, from the western desert of Egypt to southern Turkey and northern Iraq (Abu-Jaber et al, 1989;May, 1991), to the development of the Levantine margin. The Mesozoic Palmyride depression may have formed as an aulacogen (e.g., Ponikarov et al, 1967;O'Keefe and Sengör, 1988;McBride et al, 1990), accumulating approximately 5 km of Mesozoic and Cenozoic carbonates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal structure of central Syria: The intracontinental Palmyride mountain belt

et al. 1992

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Along a 450 km transect across central Syria seismic reflection data, borehole information, potential field data and surface geologic mapping have been combined to examine the crustal structure of the northern Arabian platform beneath Syria. The transect is surrounded by the major plate boundaries of the Middle East, including the Dead Sea transform fault system along the Levantine margin to the west, the Bitlis suture and East Anatolian fault to the north, and the Zagros collisional belt to the northeast and east. Three main tectonic provinces of the northern Arabian platform in Syria are crossed by this transect from south to north: the Rutbah uplift, the Palmyra fold-thrust belt, and the Aleppo plateau. The Rutbah uplift in southern Syria is a broad, domal basement-cored structure with a thick Phanerozoic (mostly Paleozoic) cover of 6-7 km. Isopachs based on well and seismic reflection data indicate that this region was an early Paleozoic depocenter. The Palmyra fold-thrust belt, the northeastern arm of the Syrian Arc, is a northeastsouthwest trending intracontinental mountain belt that acts as a mobile tectonic zone between the relatively stable Rutbah uplift to the south and the less stable Aleppo plateau to the north. Short wavelength en echelon folds characterized by relatively steep, faulted southeast flanks dominate in the southwest, most strongly deformed segment of the belt, while a complex system of deeply rooted faults and broad folds characterize the northeast region, described in this study. The Aleppo plateau lies immediately north of the Palmyride belt, with a combined Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary section that averages 4-5 km in thickness. Although this region appears relatively undeformed on seismic reflection data when compared to Palmyride deformation, a system of near vertical, probable strike-slip faults crosscut the region in a dominantly northeasterly direction.Gravity and magnetic modeling constrains the deep crustal structure along the transect. The crustal thickness is estimated to be approximately 38 km. Interpretation of the gravity data indicates two different crustal blocks beneath the Rutbah uplift and the Aleppo plateau, and the presence of a crustal-penetrating, high-density body beneath the northeast 2 Palmyrides. The two distinct crustal blocks suggest that they were accreted possibly along a suture zone and/or a major strike-slip fault zone located approximately in the present-day position of the Palmyrides. The age of the accretion is estimated to be Proterozoic or early Cambrian, based on the observation of a pervasive reflection (interpreted as the Middle Cambrian Burj limestone) in the Rutbah uplift and in the Aleppo plateau and by analogy with the well-mapped Proterozoic sutures of the Arabian shield to the south.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal structure of central Syria: The intracontinental Palmyride mountain belt

et al. 1992

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“…Though no evaporites of this type occur in the ancient and deep-seated beds in Israel, the early Cambrian sediments in the southern Negev carry abundant salt casts (Bentor 1969). According to Abu Jaber et al (1989), in the study region, marginal marine basins apparently began forming during the Triassic and Jurassic and reached their apex during he Cretaceous.…”

Section: The Brines In the Jordan Rift Valley And The Sources Of Theimentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Here again connate Jurassic waters may have been preserved in pockets isolated by local geological conditions. Following the infraCretaceous uplift of the Arabian massif and the subsequent erosion and truncation (Abu Jaber et al 1989;Alshaharan and Nairn 1997), the margins of the massif were covered by thick sequences of sands, sandstones and conglomerates (Lower Cretaceous Kurnub Group), representing prevalently continental conditions and surface flow was mainly directed north-westwards; further westwards and closer to the sea coastal and shallow marine conditions prevailed. This was not a period of volcanic quiescence.…”

Section: The Brines In the Jordan Rift Valley And The Sources Of Theimentioning

confidence: 98%

The paleoenvironment and the evolution of brines in the Jordan-Dead Sea transform and in adjoining areas

Rosenthal

Flexer

Möller

2005

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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One of the most important processes leading to the deterioration of groundwater in Israel is the migration of brines penetrating into fresh groundwater bodies. Such manifestations occur at an ever increasing frequency and in unexpected locations. The hydrochemistry of these processes reveals the possibility of involvement of several types of brines. The distribution and the hydrostratigraphic sequence of the brines is correlated with the evolution of paleoenvironments during the geological history of the region. Several major phases of brine and evaporite formation are discerned: The earliest phase occurred in the Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic (Yam SufRamon-Lower Arad Groups) during which brines were generated by dissolution of evaporites. The second major phase in the evolution of brines occurred during the MioPliocene. In the western areas of the country, the brines were generated mainly by the post-Messinian ingression of seawater which dissolved evaporites and reacted with the invaded rock sequence. In the Rift and in adjoining areas, the dominant brine was the final product of the evaporation of an inland marine lagoon (the Sdom Sea) which penetrated into an environment prevalently built of previously formed rocks and, particularly of clastic beds filling at that time, the nascent rift. From this evaporating lagoon precipitated evaporates, the dissolution of which produced brines. A further step in the hydrochemical evolution in the Rift was the creation of the Lisan Lake, which became progressively saline, probably as the result of dissolution and flushing of salts derived from the previous hypersaline Sdom Sea. The contemporary phase in the Rift is characterized by an ongoing process of flushing-out of residual brines and dissolution of evaporites by currently recharged fresh water. Throughout the geological history of the area, four major periods of flushing stand out. These occurred between the Triassic and the Jurassic, at the end of the Jurassic, as the result of the Oligocene uplift and as part of the Messinian event. As the result of these processes, the rock-sequences were flushed off previously formed brines and evaporites and were ''made ready'' for following generations of liquids.

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“…The structures and sedimentation were controlled by the tectonic evolution with respect to the configuration of the Arabian Plate [1]. Marine conditions prevailed during the Cretaceous to Late Eocene and ended when the region underwent uplift.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Genesis of the Groundwater Resources Associated with Oil Shale Deposits in the Azraq and Harrana Basins, Jordan

Obeidat¹,

Rimawi²

2017

JWARP

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Upper cretaceous and lower tertiary formations groundwater aquifers are associated with huge reserves of oil shale deposits in Harrana and Azraq Basins are evaluated in terms of water qualities and hydrochemical processes. The oil shale deposits are found within the Muwaqqar Chalk Marl Formation. The Muwaqqar Chalk Marl Formation represents the intermediate formation between the Lower Aquifer Amman Silicified Limestone and the overburden, which represents the overlying Upper Aquifers of Um Rijam Chalk and Wadi Shallala Chalk. This study aimed to improve the understanding of Muwaqqar Chalk Marl Formation as a sealing potential based on water quality and hydrochemical data of the different aquifers. Sixty water samples were collected from Amman Silicified Limestone Aquifer, High Grade Zone of Muwaqqar Chalk Marl Formation and from the overburden of Um Rijam Chalk and Wadi Shallala Chalk aquifers. The evaluations of the main hydrochemical processes affecting the groundwater quality were carried out by interpreting the ionic relationships and the water quality types using Piper and Durov diagrams. Comprehensive statistical analyses (Factor and Cluster Analyses) were conducted on the water quality parameters. The factor analyses can extract four factors from the water quality parameters of the Harrana wells Area-1 and for Azraq wells in Area-2. These factors are used to interpret the different geochemical processes affecting the groundwater quality parameters. Cluster analyses divided the Harrana wells into three groups. Cluster I included 26 wells with minimum mean concentrations of cations and anions, while cluster III included the wells with the highest concentrations in the water quality parameters. Cluster II included eight wells with intermediate concentrations. The interpretation indicated that the primary factors controlling the groundwater chemistry of Azraq and Harrana appeared to be dissolution processes of the carbonate rocks containing traces of evaporitic minerals, ion exchange and reversal ion exchange processes. Moreover, the water quality in the study areas is not suitable for drinking purposes.

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Mesozoic‐palaeogene Basin Development Within the Eastern Mediterranean Borderland

Cited by 38 publications

References 18 publications

Crustal structure of central Syria: The intracontinental Palmyride mountain belt

Crustal structure of central Syria: The intracontinental Palmyride mountain belt

The paleoenvironment and the evolution of brines in the Jordan-Dead Sea transform and in adjoining areas

Characteristics and Genesis of the Groundwater Resources Associated with Oil Shale Deposits in the Azraq and Harrana Basins, Jordan

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